乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族中学生近视遗传度调查

Heritability of myopia in Uyhur and Han middle school students in Urumqi city of Xinjiang

目的了解乌鲁木齐维吾尔族、汉族中学生近视状况,探讨新疆维、汉中学生近视遗传的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市中学生2 380人进行近视筛查和问卷调查,用Falconer法计算维汉近视与非近视学生一、二级亲属的近视遗传度。结果中学生总体近视患病率为60.12%,维吾尔族中学生近视患病率为37.80%,明显低于汉族中学生的77.36%(P<0.05);维吾尔族男生近视患病率为31.31%,低于女生的42.08%(P<0.05),汉族女生近视患病率为82.40%,高于男生的71.61%(P<0.05);维吾尔族中学生近视组一级亲属的近视患病率为10.23%,高于对照组一级亲属的4.87%(OR=1.921),汉族中学生近视组一级亲属的近视患病率为18.90%,高于对照组一级亲属的10.82%(OR=2.225),一级亲属近视是中学生近视的危险因素;汉族中学生一级亲属近视遗传度为36.86%,维吾尔族中学生一级亲属近视遗传度为36.27%。结论中学生近视的病因十分复杂,是遗传和环境多种因素综合作用的结果。

Objective To examine the prevalence and heritability of myopia among Uygur and Han students in Uru- mqi city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（Xinjiang）. Methods By using cluster sampling,2 380 Uygur and Han students were selected from middle schools in Urumqi city of Xinjiang and a questionnaire survey and myopia screening were conducted among the students. The heritability of myopia for first- and second-degree relatives among the students was calculated with Falconer method. Results The overall prevalence rate in myopia was 60. 12% in the students;the prevalence rate in the Uygur students was significantly lower than that in the Han students （ 37.80% vs. 77.36%, P 〈 0. 05 ） and the prevalence rate in the boys was significantly higher than that in the girls among both the Uygur students （31.31% vs. 42. 08 %, P 〈 0.05 ） and the Han students （71.61% vs. 82.40%, P 〈 0.05 ）. The prevalence rate of myopia among the first-degree relatives was 10. 23% in the Uygur myopia students, which was higher than that in the Uygur students without myopia（4. 87 %, odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.921 ）and the myopia prevalence rate among the first-degree relatives was 18. 90% in the Han myopia students, which was higher than that in the Han students without myopia （ 10. 82%, OR = 2. 225 ） ;with the first-degree relatives of myopia was a risk factor of suffering myopia in the students. The heritability of myopia for first-degree relatives was 36.86% for the Han students and 36. 27% for the Uygur students. Conclusion The etiology of myopia is very complicated and the prevalence of myopia results from the combined effects of multiple genetic and environmental factors among middle school students.