论我国第三人撤销之诉制度之不足及其完善——以民事判决的预决效力为视角

On the Improvement of the System of the Suit of the Third Party Discharging the Judgment from the Perspective of Pre-decision of Civil Judgment

新《民事诉讼法》第56条第三款增加了民事诉讼第三人的一种权利救济方式——第三人撤销之诉,旨在进一步对第三人的权利进行保障。但由于只有一条简单的法律规定,没有具体的程序与配套制度,对于案件依何种审理程序进行审理问题、原裁判文书是否中止执行、它与案外人申请再审的重合关系如何协调等问题均未提及,这不仅令法官无法操作、也让律师实务界感到困惑,这一规定在实际审判工作中难以达到立法者预期的效果。同时考虑到第三人撤销之诉对已决判决的既判力的冲击与影响,必须慎重建构第三人撤销之诉制度的审理程序与适用条件。

To Article 56, Section 3 of the New Civil Procedural Law is added the system of the third party discharging the judgment in order to protect the right of the third party. However, for lack of supporting systems, the simple legislation fails to consider court proceedings, the suspended execution of the original written judgment, the coordination of this regulation and ／ the system of outsiders＇ application for retrial so that the regulation cannOt achieve the desired effect. Meanwhile, considering the impact and effect of the third party＇s discharging the judgment on the concluded verdict, we must carefully establish the proceedings and applicable conditions of the system of the third party＇s application.