再探“韦伯命题”:中国为何没有出现资本主义?——基于《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》的一种解释

Why Capitalism Has Not Occurred in China: a Revisit of the "Weber's Proposition" Based on The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism

以中国为核心的儒家伦理文化区,虽然其内部也存在宗教,但整个文化区的凝结宗旨是儒家式的伦理文化,即一种以家庭、宗族为基础的文化类型。马克斯·韦伯的《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》以儒家伦理为讨论焦点,从社会生活的诸层面去论证儒家伦理对中国社会的影响,并与西方的新教传统相比较。他着眼于官僚制的阻碍、卡里斯玛的巫术取向以及城市共同体的被压制、救赎宗教的缺失这四个关键特征,去探寻中国在各种社会条件都优于西方的情形下,资本主义未能发展起来的原因。

Within the China-based Confucian culture community, the ethic culture of the Confucian style is prevalent： a type of culture based on family and clan. Max Weber＇s The Religion of China： Confucianism and Taoism focuses on Confucian ethics, discussing the influences of Confucian ethics on Chinese society from all the aspects of society and making a comparison between it and Western traditions of Protestantism. Max tries to explore why capitalism fails to develop in China where conditions are better than those of the West by concentrating on four key characteristics： impediment to bureaucracy, witchcraft orientation of charisma, the suppression of urban community, and the loss of redemption religion.