传信和传疑之间的对称和不对称

The Symmetry and Asymmetry between Evidentiality and Interrogation

传信和传疑之间从总体上讲是对称的,陈述句传信,疑问句传疑;传信和传疑之间从局部上讲又是不对称的,疑问句(真性询问疑问句/非真性询问疑问句)既可传疑,又可传信。用于传疑的真性询问疑问句是无标记项,用于传信的非真性询问疑问句是有标记项。用于传疑的句类一定是疑问句,但疑问句不一定只用于传疑;陈述句只用于传信,但用于传信的句类不一定是陈述句。陈述句不可传疑,而疑问句可传信形成了二者有无标记的格局,也导致了传信与传疑之间呈现了对称和不对称的现象。

Generally speaking, evidentiality and interrogation are symmetry. The declarative sentence in- dicates evidentiality, while the interrogative sentence indicates interrogation. On the other hand, eviden- tiality and interrogation are asymmetry. The interrogative sentence which is classified into the Interroga- tive Sentence of Non - Authenticity Inquiry （ISNI） and the Interrogative Sentence of Authenticity Inquiry （ISAI） can indicate both evidentiality and interrogation. ISAI is unmarked, while ISNI is marked. The sentence indicating the interrogation must be the interrogative sentence, while the interrogative sentence has the other functions beside indicating the interrogation. The declarative sentence can be used to indi- cate evidentiality, while the sentence used to indicate the evidentiality can be the other kind of sentences. The reason of the symmetry and asymmetry between evidentiality and interrogation is that the declarative sentence can not be used to indicate interrogation and the interrogative sentence can be used to indicate evidentiality create the compare between the marked and unmarked.