美国联邦政府高等教育财政资助政策历史评述

A Historical Review of Higher Education Financial Assistance Policies in the U.S. Federal Government

财政资助是现代国家中央政府调控高等教育的主要手段。经过历史的发展与完善,财政资助已经成为美国联邦政府参与高等教育的主要方式。基于公共政策选择理论和教育成本分担理论,联邦政府不断为高等教育提供强大的财政支持,并以此调控高等教育的发展方向,使其成为美国政府实现国家发展目标的利益诉求工具。二者之间的这种互动关系,反映了美国联邦政府参与高等教育的理论基础与现实需要。

Financial support is the main means for the modern government to regulate higher education. Through the development and improvement in history, this means has become the main way, by which the federal government participate in higher education. Based on the selection of public policies and the education cost-sharing theory, the federal government provides strong financial support for higher education continuously, and through which to regulate the developing direction of higher education. This has made it become a tool for the United States government to achieve national goals. The interactive relationship between them reflects the theory basis and real need of the federal government participating in higher education.