福州市6～18岁儿童少年饮水暴露参数的研究

Study on drinking water exposure factors among children and teenagers aged 6-18 years in Fuzhou

目的探讨福州市6~18岁儿童少年饮水摄入状况,为开展其他有关饮用水污染物暴露研究提供基础数据。方法于2014年1月,采用整群分层随机抽样方法抽取福州市仓山区中等层次的2所小学、2所初中、1所高中、1所职高,每个学校各年级各随机抽取一个班,对6~18岁的1 104人进行饮水量面对面问卷调查,结果与泌阳地区、美国推荐值进行比较。结果福州市6~18岁男生的直接、间接及总饮水摄入量在冬季、夏季、春秋季均明显高于女生(P<0.001);男生与女生的直接、间接及总饮水摄入量为夏季>春秋季>冬季(P<0.001);男生与女生的间接饮水摄入量均高于直接饮水摄入量(P<0.001)。福州市男生与女生的直接、间接及总饮水摄入量均高于泌阳地区(P<0.001)。冬季自来水摄入量高于美国推荐值(P<0.001)。结论本次调查的饮水暴露参数存在性别、季节差异,且不同于美国与泌阳地区。

Objective To discuss the drinking water ingestion of 6^-18 year old children and teenager in Fuzhou,so as to provide basic data for other studies on the drinking water exposure. Methods Two elementary schools, two junior high schools, one high school and one vocational high school of medium level schools were randomly selected by stratified cluster random sampling method in January 2014 in Cangshan district, Fuzhou. Every class was randomly selected from each of the grades in different schools, 1 104 children and teenager of 6-18 years old were face to face investigated. The results were compared with the survey data of Biyang region and the recommended values of the United States. Results In Fuzhou,the intake of direct, indirect and total water of boys aged 6-18 years in the winter,summer,spring and autumn were significantly higher than those of girls （P〈0.001）. Whether in boys or girls, the direct, indirect and total water intakes raked as summer〉spring and autumn〉 winter （P〈0.001）. Indirect water intakes of the boys and girls were statistically higher than their direct water intake （P〈0.001）. The direct,indirect and total water intakes of 6-18 year old boys and girls in Fuzhou were statistically higher than those of Biyang region （P〈0.001）. The winter water intakes per kilogram of body weight were higher in the 6-11 age group compared with the 12-16 age group,and the 12-16 age group was higher compared with the 17-18 age group in Fuzhou （P〈0.001）. The winter water intake per kilogram of body weight in the 6-11 age group,the 12-16 age group and the 12-16 age group[Mean： 26.4,18.6,16.4 ml/（kg .d） ,median：24.0,16.0,12.0 ml/（kg ·d）] were statistically higher than the recommended values of United States （P〈0.001）. Conclusion Drinking water exposure parameters may vary with gender and seasons, and is different from that of the United States and Biyang areas as well.