基于蚁群算法的WSN路由协议研究

Research on WSN Routing Protocol based on Ant Colony Algorithm

针对层次路由LEACH协议存在簇头分布不均,并且每次簇头轮换均在整个网络内进行,会造成耗能过多以及蚁群算法应用于LEACH协议建立簇间多跳路由仍存在能耗不均衡的问题,采用将网络节点进行区域划分,并将节点剩余能量作为参考因素,在区域内进行簇头节点的轮换选取的方法改进,并通过将节点能量引入到转移概率和信息素更新公式中,对蚁群路由算法进行改进,利用其建立从簇头节点到汇聚节点的多跳路由的最优路径.实验验证表明:与LEACH协议相比,改进协议整体上减少并均衡了能量的消耗,延长了无线传感器网络的生命周期.

Aiming at the problems that hierarchical routing LEACH protocol has uneven distribution of cluster head and each cluster head rotation is carried out in the whole network which will result in excessive energy con- sumption, and the problem that energy consumption is not balanced when ant colony algorithm is applied to LEACH protocol to establish a multi-hop routing. Firstly, we use the method that divides the net nodes, take the node re- sidual energy as reference factors and select the cluster head node in turn within the region to make an improve- ment. Then we improve the ant routing algorithm by introducing the energy of the nodes into the transition probabil- ities and pheromone updating formula and use the improved algorithm to establish the optimal path from the cluster head node to sink node multi-hop routing. Experiments show that compared with LEACH protocol, the improved protocol reduces and balances the overall energy consumption and extends the life cycle of a wireless sensor net- work.