核桃花芽生理分化研究进展

Progress in Studying Physiological Differentiation of Walnut Flower Bud

从分化时间段的确定、分化时期内源物质的含量及变化、分化时期外源物质的调控等方面,对有关核桃花芽生理分化研究进行了归纳。1在生理分化期上,雌花芽为5月上旬至6月上旬;雄花芽结束时间在3月下旬;雌花芽生理分化雌先型早于雄先型,雄花芽生理分化雄先型早于雌先型。2分别总结了雌花芽和雄花芽生理分化期的内源多胺、内源激素、内源营养物质(淀粉、蛋白、糖)的含量及变化趋势,以及POD对核桃雌雄花芽分化的推动作用。3在外源物质调控花芽生理分化上,雌花芽分化期合理喷施外源多胺、生长抑制剂(B9、CCC、PP333)能显著促进雌花分化,雄花芽生理分化期合理期喷施整型素能显著减少雄花芽分化量。

Advances on studying physiological differentiation of Walnut flower bud were summarized from aspects including the determination of the time period of differentiation,the content of endogenous substances and its changes in the differentiation period,and the regulation of endogenous substances in differentiation period.During the period of physiological differentiation,the female flower buds ended in early May to early June.Male flower buds ended in late March.The physiological differentiation of female flower buds showed that the first female model was earlier than the first male model,but the male flower buds showed the opposite way as the first male model was earlier than the first female model.Contents and changing trends of polyamines,endogenous hormones and endogenous nutrients（starch,protein,sugar） during physiological differentiation period of female and male flower bud were summarized.The POD activity promoted physiological differentiation of walnuts male and female flower bud.In regulating physiological differentiation by exogenous substances,spraying exogenous polyamines and growth inhibitors （B9,CCC,PP333） during appropriate period of physiological differentiation of female flower bud significantly promoted the differentiation of female flower bud.Spraying plastic elements during appropriate period of physiological differentiation of male flower bud significantly reduced the amount of differentiation of male flower bud.