宁夏中部干旱带旱地覆膜免耕马铃薯栽培模式研究

A Study of Cultivation Mode of Dry Land Film-mulching No Tillage Potato in Middle Arid Zone of Ningxia

试验采用二次正交旋转设计对旱地覆膜免耕马铃薯栽培关键因素,密度、N、P、K进行计算机寻优模拟预测,结果表明：宁夏中部干旱带在旱地覆膜免耕栽培模式下,实现马铃薯单产鲜薯19 500 kg/hm^2、投资效益高于5.0元/kg、薯块淀粉含量高于13%的优化农艺方案为：密度32 265～41 850株/hm^2,施纯N 93.6～104.1 kg/hm^2,P2O531.20～46.05 kg/hm^2,K2O81.75～100.05 kg/hm^2。在可控栽培因子中,应重点把握合理密植,适量施氮肥,并注重钾肥的施用。

A Computer optimization simulation and prediction on the key factors in the cultivation of the dry land film-mulching no tillage potato such as the density, N, P and K were carried out by using the quadratic rotation orthogonal design in the experiment. The results showed that in the Middle Arid Zone of Ningxia, under the dry land film-mulching no tillage cultivation mode, for fulfilling the objectives of the fresh potato yield of 19,500 kg/hm^2, the investment benefit of higher than 5 yuan/kg and the tuber starch content of higher than 13%, the optimization agronomic scheme was that the density should be 32,265 ～ 41,850 plants/hm^2, the application rate of the pure N should be 93.6 ～ 104.1 kg/hm^2, the P2O5 should be 31.20 ～ 46.05 kg/hm^2 and the K2 O should be 81.75 to 100.05 kg/hm^2. In the controllable factors, the focus should be on grasping the rational close planting, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the application of potash fertilizer.