除权判决后合法持票人的救济路径——兼论公示催告程序之不足与完善

Relief Approach for the Bona Fide Holder after the Invalidating Judgment:On the Inadequacy and Consummation of Pressing Notice Procedure

除权判决系非讼程序中法院基于申请人的申请作出的一种临时性司法推定,在普通民事诉讼程序中并不具有实质既判力,当合法持票人在法定期限内提起普通民事诉讼的,无须先行诉请撤销原除权判决。合法持票人可以选择提起票据利益返还之诉、确认票据权利之诉或票据侵权损害赔偿之诉。公示催告程序本身的不足,导致了除权判决所确认的权利与合法持票人权利的冲突。完善公示催告程序的运行,有利于减少此类冲突的发生,规范票据流通秩序和交易安全。

The invalidating judgement for negotiable instruments is a procedure where the court makes a supposed implicit inference to the application in the noncontentious procedure. It has no Res Judicata in the litigation procedure. Vacation of judgment is needless when the bona fide holder makes a suit. The bona fide holder could claim restitution interest,litigations of payment and tort damages. The absence of pressing notice procedure leads to the interests conflict between the right confirmed by the invalidating judgement and those of the bona fide holder,therefore,it is necessary to consummate the procedure so as to avoid interests conflict of this sort and ensure safty of transaction and standardization of circulation.