三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系的研究

Study on Grading Systems of Udders Cleanliness of Sanhe Cattle

对内蒙古三河牛核心群泌乳牛和干奶牛乳房外观洁净度进行全面评分和系统分析,研究影响三河牛乳房外观洁净度的重要部位,分析各部位洁净度评分与体细胞数(Somatic cell count,SCC)和体细胞评分(Somatic cell score,SCS)的相关关系,为三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系建立及隐性乳房炎防治提供数据参考。通过采集内蒙古海拉尔区三河牛基础母牛群201头泌乳牛及干奶牛的789份图像信息,在建立三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系基础上,对三河牛左后肢、左躯体、左乳区、右后肢、右躯体、右乳区、后乳区和尾部等8个部位进行5个等级的评分,同时进行整体洁净度评分,并运用SAS 9.1.3进行了系统的统计分析。三河牛8个部位洁净度评分之间存在极显著相关(P<0.01),其中左后肢、左乳区、右乳区、后乳区和尾部等5个部位极显著影响整体洁净度评分(P<0.01)。通过主成分分析将8个部位洁净度评分变量降维至3个主成分。逻辑回归分析和方差分析得出,三河牛体况评分对SCC有极显著影响(P<0.01),右乳区评分对SCC有显著影响(P<0.05),胎次效应对SCS影响极显著(P<0.01)。本研究建立了包含8个部位的三河牛乳房外观整体洁净度评分体系(5分制),其主要部位是右后肢、右乳区和尾部,尤其是右乳区洁净程度。右乳区评分对隐性乳房炎指标SCC的显著影响提示其有望作为预防三河牛隐形乳房炎发生的直观选择指标。

To set up the grading systems for udders cleanliness and prepare for the prevention of subclinical mastitis of Sanhe Eattle,the present study wholly scored and systematically analyzed the udders cleanliness of Sanhe core dairy and dry cattles in Inner Mongolia,studied important parts affecting cleanliness,scores of each part and their corelation with somatic cell count（SCC）and somatic cell score（SCS）.Specifically,789 related figures of 201 dairy and dry Sanhe cattles in Xieertala breeding farm of Hailaer were collected to build the grading systems of udders,cleanliness of each of the 8parts（left hind leg,left body,left udders,right hind leg,right body,right udders,back udders and tail）and the overrall cleanliness of Sanhe cattle were graded by a 5-points scoring system,then statistics and analysis were further conducted with SAS 9.1.3.The results showed that the highly significant correlation existed among cleanliness status of these eight parts（P〈0.01）,and left hind leg,left udders,right udders,back udders and tail significantly affected to the overall grading of cleanliness（P〈0.01）.The PCA reduced the eight cleanliness variables into three principal components,logistic regression and ANOVA analysis concluded that SCC was significantly affected by body conditions（P〈0.01）and the right udders（P〈0.05）,while parity effect significantly affected SCS（P〈0.01）.The current study set up the grading systems for 8parts of udders in Sanhe cattle in 5points scoring,located the important partsto be the right hind leg,the right udders and the tail,especially the right udders,and significant correlation between the right udders and SCC indicated that the part could be a visual indicator for the prevention of subclinical mastitis in Sanhe Cattle.