基于渔捞日志的海阳近海渔业资源种类组成及生物多样性分析

On species composition and community diversity of fishery resources in the coastal waters of Haiyang: based on the data from logbook

根据2013年在山东海阳近海海域生产的15艘渔船的渔捞日志,初步分析了该海域渔业资源的种类组成及生物多样性特征。全年共捕获渔业资源种类25种,隶属于14目、21科、25属,鱼类有16种,以暖温种和暖水种为主,虾蟹类4种,头足类2种,水母类2种,多毛类1种。优势种类主要为黄鮟鱇（Lophius litulon）、蓝点马鲛（Scomberomorus niphonius）及口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、海蜇（Rhopilema esculentum）、三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）、中国明对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）等。其中,口虾蛄为全年优势种。渔业资源群落多样性指数和丰富度指数春季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低,通过与山东近海历史调查数据对比可知,该海域渔业资源量大幅下降;均匀度指数（0.13~0.73）变化较小;海阳近海春季和秋季种属组成相似性较高。本研究可为海阳近海渔业资源管理和修复提供参考依据。

In order to find out the species composition and community diversity of fishery resources, fishing logs from 15 fishing vessels along the coastal waters of Haiyang in 2013 were collected and analyzed. A total of 25 species were caught,belonging to 14 orders and 21 families, including 16 species of fish, composed of warm temperate species and warm water species. In addition, there were 4 species of shrimps and crabs, 2 species of cephalopod, 2 species of medusae, 1 species of polyehaeta. Among them, 17 species were caught in May, including 11 species of fish, accounting for 68.00% of the total species, followed by 11 species in October. The fewest species appeared in February, and only two species were caught. The dominant species were Lophius litulon, Scomberomorus niphonius and Oratosquilla oratoria, Rhopilema esculentum, Portunus trituberculatus, Charybdis japonica, Fenneropenaeus chinensis etc. O. oratoria was the dominant species for four seasons, accounting for 22.39% of total annum catch. Except July and August, when fishermen focused on fishing R. esculentum, the biomass of O. oratoria was very high, especially in February, March, April and November, it dominated the first place. The biomass of fishes were higher than others in May. S. niphonius, Lutjanus erythopterus, Ammodytes personatus, Lepidotrigla micropterus and Thamnaconus modestus were the dominant species, accounting for 74.95% of total annum catch. The dominant species were crustaceans in September and October apart from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, among which Portunus trituberculatus was the first dominant species. The similarity of species composition among different fishing areas was high, except in December. The similarity coefficients were all over 0.65. The similarity coefficients of species in September and November reached 0. 99. The species similarity was closer and higher in April, May, September, October and November, indicating that the complexity of community structure was higher in spring and autumn. However, the annual changing trends still needed further observing. Based on the survey data of four seasons, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index H＇, species richness R and evenness index J＇ were calculated respectively. Fishery resources diversity index was from 0.18 to 2.08 and abundance index from 0.32 to 2.29 and they changed a lot in different months, but evenness index （0.13 - 0.73 ） was relatively stable. The diversity and abundance indexes were the highest in spring, followed by autumn and summer. Compared with historical fishery data of Shandong, fishery resources fell sharply. We need to continue to do a good statistical fishing log to get a true reflection of the situation of fishing. Fishery resources and biodiversity were further comparatively analyzed by fishing logs data for several consecutive years along the coastal waters of Haiyang. The results of the study can help the scientific management and restoration of fishery resources along the coastal waters of Haiyang.