中国收入再分配规模国际比较分析——与美国、日本、墨西哥三国比较

International Compa rative Analysis on Income Redistribution of China——Compared with America, Japan and Mexico

文章以美国、日本和墨西哥作为参照,从政府的再分配政策对收入分配影响的角度,比较分析中国再分配规模状况。通过计算四个国家从2004—2010年收入税、社会缴费、社会福利和其它经常性转移四个再分配项目的规模,并比较分析得出结论:中国再分配总体规模远低于美国、日本,略高于墨西哥,说明中国再分配规模与发达国家有很大差距,但基本符合中国当前经济发展水平;从发展变化的趋势看,政府转移性收入规模增长幅度大于转移性支出规模增长幅度,尤其是社会缴费规模增长过快,显示出中国福利性支出的发展滞后于社会经济和政府转移性收入的发展,这种现状和趋势削弱了再分配的调节功能,不利于缩小居民收入分配差距。

This paper, in view of influence of government's redistribution policy on income distribution and compared with America, Japan and Mexico, makes an analysis on redistribution scale of China. The analysis concludes that the total scale of redistribution of China lags behind America and Japan and a little bigger than Mexico, which is suitable for China's current economic development. In a long-run, growth degree of transfer income of Chinese government is higher than that of the expenditure, which shows China's welfare expenditure falls behind social and economic development and transfer income. This tendency reduces the function of redistribution.