民国时期中国的医学教育改革及其对当今医学教育的启示

Medical Education Reform during the Period of the Republic of China and Enlightenment for Today's Medical Education

民国时期,中国的医学教育经历了重大的变革:由"学医发财"到"研用并重"的教育宗旨之转变,体现了医学教育根本的回归;由"医术至上"到"德智体全面发展"的教育理念之改观,教育模式由"过重理论"到"与实际紧密结合"的教育模式之变革,是医学教育方法的探索;由"照搬照抄"到"民族本土化"的教育实践之革新,是医学教育囊括万象的体现。本文鉴于民国时期医学教育改革的经验与教训,提出在当今条件下必须做到"三个坚持":一是坚持学术研究与实际应用相结合,二是坚持全面发展与理论联系实际相结合,三是坚持借鉴国外与本土化处理相结合。

The medical education underwent major changes during the period of the republic of China. The education aim underwent the change from ＂studying medicine for getting rich＂ to ＂research and practical application with equal emphasis on＂, which was the returning of the fundamental of medical education; The education idea underwent the improvement from ＂medical skill was the highest＂ to ＂all- round develop- ment in morality, intelligence and physique＂, meanwhile, the education mode underwent the change from ＂ emphasis on the theory too much＂ to ＂combining theory with practice＂, which were the trying on the method of medical education; The education practice underwent the innovation from ＂holistic learning＂ to ＂studying according to the real of China＂ , which was the embodiment of the medical education including everything. The reform of medical education provides us experiences and lessons during the period of the republic of China, so the development of Chinese medical education must adhere to combination of academic research and practical application, combination of comprehensive development and the- ory with practice, draw lessons from foreign combined with localization process in today＇s conditions.