3～6岁幼儿粗大动作发展特征与体质健康水平的研究

Correlation study of gross motor development and physical-related fitness in 3～6 aged children

目的探讨3-6岁幼儿粗大动作发展特点以及与体质健康水平的关系。方法采用粗大动作发展测试（Gross Motor Development Test,TGMD-2）对289名幼儿进行粗大动作能力评估;以《国民体质测定标准手册幼儿部分》为标准,对幼儿体质健康水平进行评价,监测各单项分,计算幼儿体质指数（body mass index,BMI）。比较不同年龄组幼儿粗大动作发展水平、体质健康水平、BMI指数的特点,探讨三者之间的相关性。结果幼儿粗大动作与体质健康水平存在非常显著的正相关关系,而与幼儿的体质指数（body mass index,BMI）无显著相关;随着年龄的增加,幼儿动作发展水平和体质健康水平都出现了显著性的提高,而BMI变化不明显,验证了3-6岁幼儿处于动作发展的关键时期。结论粗大动作发展测试是对幼儿动作过程进行评价,应纳入幼儿健康评价体系,作为幼儿体质健康测试只对动作结果评价的补充。体育活动应在保证体质健康水平的基础上,丰富动作模式,更加注重动作能力的培养,促进幼儿动作的良好发展。

Objective To investigate the relationship between gross motor development and physical-related fitness in3-6aged children. Methods Gross Motor Development Test（TGMD-2）was conducted on 289 children to assess their gross motor capacity; ＂ National Physical Fitness Test Standards Manual-preschool part＂ was used as the standard for assessment of preschool children＇s physical-related fitness,their body mass index（BMI）were computed.And the correlation of gross motor development in different age groups,the level of physical-related fitness,BMI index were investigated. Results There was a very significantly positive correlation between the level of physical-related fitness and gross motor capacity,and there was no significant correlation between children＇s BMI and gross motor capacity.With age increasing,the level of gross motor capacity and physical-related fitness had significantly improved,BMI without significant change indicated that 3-6was a critical period of children＇s motor development. Conclusion TGMD-2should be included in children health evaluation system,sports activities should enrich models of motor and pay more attention to promote the development of early children＇s motor development.