近25年新疆少数民族小学生身体形态发育状况的动态分析

The dynamic analysis on body shape state of minority primary school students of Xinjiang in the recent 25 years

目的了解新疆地区7-12岁维、哈、柯等三个少数民族学生的生长发育状况及之间存在的差异和原因,为改善新疆少数民族小学生体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法通过文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,利用新疆地区1985年和2010年7-12岁少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的数据,对该地区维、哈、柯族三个少数民族学生的身体形态发育状况作25年的动态观察、对比和分析。结果近25年间,新疆7-12岁维、哈、柯族学生的身高、体重、胸围平均增长值基本保持增长（除了维男生胸围指标外）,平均增长值分别为：维男生3.3cm、3.3kg、-0.6cm,维女生1.9cm、2.2kg、1.3cm;哈男生7.6cm、5.9kg、2.6cm,哈女生8cm、5.7kg、2.8cm;柯男生5cm、2.8kg、0.7cm,柯女生5.4cm、2.7kg、1.4cm。维、哈、柯族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,总体水平：哈男、女生的身体形态发育水平优于维、柯男、女生,柯男、女生的优于维男、女生,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05-0.001）。结论近25年间,新疆维、哈、柯族少数民族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,身体形态发展不平衡,除了遗传、历史、自然环境、学校、家庭、社会等因素外,最主要与新疆经济发展区域间存在不均衡性有关。

Objective Understand the growth and development of 7-12years old Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz students in primary school,and differences,reasons between three ethnic students in Xinjiang region,to provide a scientific basis for improving the physical health of ethnic minority students in primary school. Methods Using research methods of literature,statistics,and comparative analysis,the data from 7to 12 years old ethnic minority students＇ health research of Xinjiang region in 1985 and 2010were obtained,observated,compared and analyzed. Results Nearly 25 years,Xinjiang Uygur,Kazak,Kirgiz ethnic minorities of students remained basic growth,the average growth values of height,weight,chest circumference were：Uyghur male students 3.3cm,3.3kg,-0.6cm,Uyghur female students 1.9cm,2.2kg,1.3cm;Kazak male students 7.6cm,5.9kg,2.6cm,Kazak female students 8cm,5.7kg,2.8cm;Kirgiz male students 5cm,2.8kg,0.7cm,Kirgiz female students 5.4cm,2.7kg,1.4cm.Body shape of Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz ethnic minorities students were different,the overall level was：Kazak students＇ body shape development was better than Uyghur and Kirgiz,Kirgiz students was better than Uyghur students,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05-0.001）. Conclusions Nearly 25 years body shape development Xinjiang ethnic minorities of Uyghur,Kazak,Kirgiz is varies and unbalanced.The reason is various,in addition to genetics,history,natural environment,school,family,social and other factors,the most important one is inter-regional imbalance of Xinjiang＇s economic development.