全球入侵白蚁及中国的白蚁入侵问题

Global invasive termites and termite invasion in China

经济全球化和交通运输的发展,已促使入侵白蚁种类从1969年的17种增加到现在的27种,使入侵分布地大小和数量不断增加,并从最初的人造环境发展到半自然环境直至目前甚至侵入了自然生态系统。本文阐述了入侵白蚁的定义和基本特征,对入侵白蚁的种类、起源地和入侵分布地进行了归纳总结;针对我国的白蚁入侵问题进行了分析。我国已有外来入侵白蚁4种,检疫机构截获境外白蚁72种,其中包含多种潜在危险种。要有效控制新蚁种的成功入侵以及国内已有入侵种分布区的扩大,一方面要重视白蚁检疫工作,另一方面也要加强对入侵生物学相关理论的研究。

Rapid development of economic globalization and transportation made the number of invasive termites increased from 17 in 1969 to 27 in 2014; made the number of their invaded locations and the size of invaded area at each location become more and more large, made the termites invaded man - made habitats, semi- natural habitats and even natural habitats. This paper explained the definition and the characteristics of invasive termites; displayed their scientific names, source habitats and known invaded regions; analyzed the problem about termite invasion in China. It was found that 4 exotic species had invaded in China successfully, and 72 species were reported to be intercepted at Chinese ports, many of which were potential invasive species. Both the practice of termites quarantine and the theory of invasion biology should be laid enough attention to control the invasion of potential dangerous species and the extension of invaded species.