滨海盐碱地玉米施肥效应及土壤供肥潜力研究

Study on Fertilization Effects on Maize and Soil Nutrient Supply Capacity in Coastal Saline Areas

在典型滨海盐碱地区,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了玉米需肥特性、施肥效应及土壤供肥能力,以期为滨海盐碱地区合理施肥提供参考。结果表明,玉米籽粒养分含量平均为:N 1.224%,P2O50.480%,K2O 0.377%;秸秆养分含量平均为:N 0.820%,P2O50.142%,K2O 2.552%;生产100 kg经济产量所需养分量平均为:N 1.92 kg,P2O50.60 kg,K2O 2.55 kg。肥料增产率高低顺序为氮肥(44.39%)>磷肥(13.79%)>钾肥(6.55%);每千克氮、磷、钾肥可分别增产9.44,8.38,2.83 kg籽粒;玉米氮、磷、钾肥当季利用率分别为19.96%,5.60%,30.64%。通过建立玉米施肥效应模型,获得本试验条件下最佳经济施肥量为氮(N)348.5 kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)133.6 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)19.1kg/hm2。本试验条件下土壤氮、磷、钾养分校正系数分别为52.06%,190.30%,32.67%;氮、磷、钾肥相对产量分别为69.26%,87.88%,93.85%,土壤养分丰缺程度氮处于低水平,磷、钾处于中等水平,高低顺序为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。因此,滨海盐碱地区玉米施肥应重视氮、磷肥的施用,不施或少施钾肥,即可获得高产并取得较高的经济效益。

Based on randomized block experimental design,the nutrient absorption characteristics of maize,fertilization effects and soil nutrients supply capacity were investigated in order to provide reference for rational fertilization in coastal saline areas. The results showed that N,P2O5 and K2O contents of maize grain were 1. 224%,0. 480%,0. 377%,respectively; and the N,P2O5,K2 O contents of straw were 0. 820%,0. 142%,2. 552%,respectively. N,P and K amounts required per 100 kilogram economic outputs of maize were 1. 92,0. 60,2. 55 kg,respectively. The maize yield increment rates by the application of N,P,K fertilizer were separately 44. 39%,13. 79%,6. 55%,and the maize yield increment per kilogram of N,P,K were separately 9. 44,8. 38,2. 83 kg. Fertilization effect on maize yield showed the trend of N P K. Fertilizer usage efficiency of N,P,K fertilizer were separately19. 96%,5. 60%,30. 64% under this experimental condition. The equation of fertilization effects on maize was obtained by mathematic simulation,and the optimum economic amounts of N（ N）,P（ P2O5）,K（ K2O） were 348. 5,133. 6,19. 1 kg / ha,respectively. Soil nutrient correction coefficients of N,P,K were 52. 06%,190. 30%,32. 67%,respectively. The relative yields of N,P,K were 69. 26%,87. 88%,93. 85%,respectively. The experimental results indicated that soil N supply capacity was low,soil P,soil K supply capacity were at the medium level. The order from high to low was K〉P〉N. Therefore,in the coastal saline maize fertilization process,we should pay attention to nitrogen,phosphate fertilizer application,reducing the amount of potash,in order to obtain high yield and get higher economic efficiency.