基于灰色关联法和德尔菲法的土壤侵蚀敏感性评价——以云南金沙江流域3个典型露天矿区为例

VALUATION OF SOIL EROSION RESISTANCE BASED ON GREY CORRELATION AND DELPHI——A CASE STUDY OF 3 OPEN- PIT MINE AREAS IN JINSHA RIVER WATERSHED (YUNNAN PART)

灰色关联法和德尔菲法是对系统中各因子的价值或贡献率进行评估的有效方法。土壤侵蚀敏感性的评价涉及自然界诸多因素,包括定性因素和定量因素,因此采用灰色关联法和德尔菲法进行土壤侵蚀敏感性评价将提高评价的效率和准确性。金沙江流域从上游到下游地理环境差异大,采用灰色关联法和德尔菲法对不同地理环境下的露天矿区进行土壤侵蚀敏感性评价,有助于流域的生态环境保护与治理。分别在该流域(云南部分)高山峡谷区、宽谷湖盆区、喀斯特中山丘陵区等3种地理环境下选取3个典型露天矿区为研究对象,以土壤质地、地形起伏度、坡度、植被覆盖度、植被类型、降水等6个因子作为评价指标,采用灰色关联度法、德尔菲法,在GIS软件平台下对3个典型露天矿区进行了土壤侵蚀敏感性评价,得出了3个典型露天矿区的土壤侵蚀敏感性。实践证明,两种方法与GIS相结合是实现土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的有效工具。

Gray Correlation and Delphi are effective methods to evaluate the value or contribution of each factor in a system. Include qualitative factors and quantitative factors, many factors will be considered when soil erosion resistance is evaluated. Thus, Gray Correlation and Delphi can be used to assess soil erosion resistance effectively and accurately. As its geographical environment differs greatly from upper to lower, it is meaningful for ecological environment protection and governance to study its soil erosion resistance at mine areas under different geographical environment with the help of Gray Correlation and Delphi in Jinsha river watershed. Three mines which respectively belong to 3 kind of geographical environment： alpine gorges, wide valley lake basin, karst middle mountain hill, are taken as study objects. And 6 factors are taken as evaluation indexes, including soil texture, hypsography, gradient, vegetation coverage, vegetation form, precipitation erosion force, etc. Methods, such as Gray Correlation, Delphi, and spatial analysis of GIS are used together to evaluate the soil erosion resistance of these mines. As the study result, the soil erosion resistance of 3 mines is taken out. This research proved that Gray Correlation and Delphi are useful tools to evaluate soil erosion resistance.