基于危险属性的事故致因理论综述

A review of accident modelling approaches based on components of hazards

事故致因理论发展至今已形成众多的事故致因模型,但目前的研究尚缺少对其系统的梳理。危险是事故发生的潜在条件,它包括危险的因素、威胁目标和触发机理3个组分(属性)。从危险出发,分别以危险3个属性为基点,分析事故致因理论。分析表明:事故预防必须基于危险属性,充分考虑3个组分以及它们之间的关系;降低危险的因素、减少威胁目标、合理设置危险控制屏障并统计和管理险兆事件是事故预防的重要手段。

There are three components in a hazard which are hazard elements, Initiating mechanism and target and threat. Hazards which are precursors of a mishap can be transferred into an accident under some condition. From the angle of the components of a hazard, the authors analyzed accident causation models based on literature review. And they drew a conclusion that accident prevention should be based on the three components and respect the relationship among them sufficiently, and that important measures for pre- venting accidents are reducing or eliminating hazard element, achieving intrinsic safety, setting reasonable barriers, and managing near misses.