浙江苍南近海海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布研究

Species Composition and Quantitative Distribution of Fish in Cangnan Area and Nearby Waters

根据2008年4月至2009年5月在苍南近海海域（27°00′～27°32′48″N）鱼类资源调查资料，对鱼类种类组成和数量分布以及优势度进行了研究。结果表明：苍南近海海域鱼类种类203种，这些资源品种中，既有洄游性鱼类，又有近岸性、河口性种类，以及岩礁定居的岛礁性种类。隶属于鲱形目、灯笼鱼目、鳗鲡目、鲇形目、鳕形目、刺鱼目、鲻形目、鲈形目、鲽形目等9目，优势种的有鲳鱼、带鱼、鳓鱼、马鲛鱼、棘头梅童鱼、海鳗等。三个季节为优势种的有皮氏叫姑鱼、龙头鱼。两个季节为优势种的有红狼牙鰕虎鱼、日本鳀鱼、中华小公鱼。不同季节出现的种类变化趋势是春季（53种）＆gt;秋季（43种）＞夏季（42种）＞冬季（36种）。鱼类各种类的渔获率季节变化趋势为夏季（34.04%）﹥春季（29.09%）﹥秋季（22.88%）﹥冬季（13.99%）。而由于地理位置和环境因素的不同，两岛区渔获量的季节变化有明显的差异，南关的季节变化与全海区相似，为最高值出现在夏季的单峰型变化，官山为双峰型变化，即春季为最峰值，秋季为次高峰值，夏、冬两季为低谷值的变化，同一岛区一年中渔获量最高和最低相差悬殊，二者之比，官山和南关都为3倍左右。从全年平均密度来看，本次调查B区的南关最高，其次为A区的官山。

On the basis of the survey in Cangnan area and nearby waters （27°00-27°32′48″ N） during April, 2008 and May, 2009, species composition, quantity distribution of fish and dominance were discussed in this paper. The results showed that 203 species are catched, these varieties, both migratory fish, and coastal, estuarine species, as well as the rocks settled reef species, and belonged to 9 orders including Clupeiformes, Myctophiformes, Anguilliformes, Siluriformes, Gadiformes, Gasterosteiformes, Mugiliformes, Perciformes, Pleu-ronectiformes. Stromateidae, Trichiurus haumela, Ilisha elongata, mackerel, Murenesox cinerews and Col lichthys lucidus were dominant species. Johnius belengerii and Harpodon nehereus were dominant species of three seasons. Odontamblyopus rubicundus, Engraulis japonicus and S. chinensis are dominant species of two seasons. The trend of various species in the different seasons was spring （53 species）〉autumn （43 species）〉summer（42 species）〉 winter（36 species） and the tendency of fish catches in the different seasons was summer （34.04%）〉spring（29.09%）〉autumn（22.88%）〉winter（13.99%）. Due to the different geographical and enviromen-tal factors, catches of the seasonal variation on the two islands were obiously different. Similar to the whole sea area, the seasonal change in Nanguan wsa a single pex, which the peak appeared in summer. The change in Guanshan was bimodal pattern with the peak in spring, secondary one in autumn, the low point varying be-tween summer and winter. The catches between the peak and valley on the same island in one year was totally different and the rations of the catch in Guanshan and Nanguan were both 3 times. Judging from the annual average density, the survey area B South Gate highest, followed by A district.