胡麻种子发育过程中α-亚麻酸的积累规律

Research on Accumulation ofα-linolenic Acid in Development of Flax Seeds

利用气相色谱仪对3个不同质量分数α-亚麻酸品种进行脂肪酸组分分析,研究胡麻种子发育过程中α-亚麻酸积累规律。结果表明,其中硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸的积累都发生在种子发育的早期;亚麻酸质量分数从种子发育开始就明显上升,在发育30～40d时略有下降,随后又上升。说明亚麻酸从种子发育开始到成熟都在积累。为了进一步了解胡麻种子发育过程中各脂肪酸之间的关系,对种子发育过程中的各脂肪酸进行相关性分析,认为其中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸间呈正相关,它们与亚麻酸间均呈负相关。最后研究了3个品种的果实直径、鲜质量、干质量及干/鲜质量比,其中3个品种的果实直径趋势基本相同,果实直径的增长主要集中在初期,中后期基本保持平稳,甚至会有一点下降的趋势;果实鲜质量的变化从初期到收获一直呈下降趋势;而干质量呈先上升后下降的趋势;干/鲜质量比一直呈上升趋势。说明果实干物质积累主要集中在果实发育的前中期。

This article presents an analysis on fatty acid composition of three varieties with differentα-linolenic acid contents by agas chromatograph,to understandα-linolenic acid accumulation pattern in the development of flax seeds.Accumulations of stearic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid occurred in the early development.Linolenic acid content significantly increased from the beginning of seed development and slightly decreased around 30-40 days after seeding,followed by an increase again.This fact indicated that linolenic acid has been accumulated from seeding to maturity.A correlation analysis among content of various fatty acids during seed development was conducted to understand the relationship among different types of fatty acids.Results showed that the contents of palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with each other,but were negatively correlated with linolenic acid.Results indicated that fruit size increased mainly at the beginning of the development and remained stable or even shrinked slightly during the mid-late stages of seed development.This was the same among three varieties.Fruit fresh mass increased from the beginning to harvest,while the dry mass increased at the beginning and decreased in a later stage.Dry/fresh mass ra-tio increased during the whole process.This implied that fruit dry matter accumulated mainly in prometaphase of fruit development.