水肥运筹对机采棉产量和品质的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Regimes on Yield and Fibre Quality of Machine Pickup Cotton

为确定适宜的机采棉水肥运筹方式,采用裂区设计,以第一水灌溉时间(6月1日、6月5日和6月10日)为主区,施肥方式(常规施肥、试验施肥)为副区,分析其对机采棉生育期、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,早灌第一水和试验施肥方式有缩短棉花全生育期的作用;适期早灌第一水能够显著增产,2a最佳的第一水灌溉时间为6月5日,分别较第一水常规灌水时间处理增产8.9%和11.6%;试验施肥方式2a分别较常规施肥方式显著增产6.9%和11.5%,其增产效应主要是由单位面积有效铃数决定;而不同水肥运筹方式对产量没有显著的互作效应;此外,不同水肥运筹方式对棉花纤维主要品质指标均无显著效应,其中试验施肥方式的纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数和断裂比强度均稍优于常规施肥方式,而马克隆值和伸长率的结果则相反。

Machine pickup cotton is the only way to ensure the development of cotton production in Xinjiang.Reasonable irrigation and fertilization managements are the key measures to obtain high yield and quality of cotton.A two-year field experiment,using split-plot design with three replicates,was conducted to study the effects of the first irrigation date and fertilizer application regime on growth period,yield and fiber quality.The main plots assigned to three irrigation dates（June 1,5and 10,respectively）,while traditional and trial fertilization regimes were assigned to the subplots.As compared with field normal irrigation and fertilization modes,early water and topdressing（mainlynitrogen）supply shortened the total growth stages to some extent.Meanwhile,early irrigation appropriately increased lint yield significantly and June 5was the optimum irrigation date over two seasons,and lint yields were increased by 8.9%（2011）and 11.6%（2012）compared with the conventional irrigation treatment.Lint yield was significantly affected by fertilizer application regimes and trial mode enhanced yield by 6.9%（2011）and 11.5%（2012）compared with the traditional fertilization regimes,mainly attributable to variation in boll number per square meter.However,analysis of variance showed that yield was not significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation and fertilization regimes.In terms of fibre quality,the main quality indicators were not significantly affected by irrigation dates,fertilizer regimes and their interaction.Upper half mean length,uniformity index and strength of trial fertilizer mode were superior to normal mode slightly,but Micronaire value and fiber elongation presented reverse trend.