中药材根际和非根际土壤酶和微生物特征

Research on Soil Enzymes and Microflora in Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs

以恩施州4种中草药黄连、黄柏、丹皮和木通的根际与非根际土壤为对象,对其根际与非根际土壤pH、土壤养分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性(转化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、FDA水解酶)进行对比分析。结果表明:4种药材短期种植中土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮均呈现出明显的根际聚集效应。土壤微生物及酶也表现为根际活性较高,根际土壤转化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、FDA水解酶活性分别较非根际土壤高出113.7%、33.9%、55.5%、472.0%。土壤养分与生物活性主成分分析组成的土壤肥力信息系统较好地表征了土壤肥力水平的差异,获得的综合得分,计算的土壤总体酶活性指标(TEI)与土壤理化性质达显著或极显著正相关。且4种中草药根际土壤肥力水平综合得分及TEI值均高于非根际土壤。主成分分析综合得分和TEI可以较好地表征该地区中草药根际和非根际土壤肥力水平。

Soil is the basis of the growth of Chinese medicinal herbs,tracking soil fertility conditions of Chinese medicinal herbs is the prerequisite of Chinese medicinal herbs production to quarantee their quality.Herein explored the distribution of soil enzymes and microflora in the rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil planted with herbal medicine rhizoma coptidis,cortex phellodendri,cortex moutan and akebiae caulis rhizosphere herbs in the Enshi autonomous prefecture of Hubei province.The results showed that the organic matter,available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen presented obvious rhizosphere effect.Soil microorganism and enzyme were also high activity in the rhizosphere soil,the activities of invertase,dehydrogenase and urease,the FDA hydrolysis enzyme were more than113.7%,33.9%,55.5% and 472.0%in the rhizosphere soil higher than in non-rhizosphere soil respectively.The soil information system obtained by PCA could well reflect difference of soil fertility levels.The Total Enzyme Activity Index（TEI）had good correlation with soil properties.The fertility and TEI values of rhizosphere soil in four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine were higher than those of the non-rhizosphere soil.Principal component analysis comprehensive score and TEI can better represent the soil fertility level of Chinese medicinal herbs planting area.