堆置与添加蛭石对污泥蚓粪培育黄瓜幼苗的影响

Effects of stacking and adding vermiculite to sewage sludge vermicompost on cucumber seedlings

【目的】探讨堆置与添加蛭石对污泥蚓粪培育黄瓜幼苗的影响,为污泥蚓粪资源化利用提供理论依据。【方法】向新鲜污泥蚓粪和堆置180 d后的污泥蚓粪中分别添加不同量的蛭石(蚓粪∶蛭石=1∶0,2∶1,4∶1,8∶1),复配成育苗基质,通过温室大棚育苗培育黄瓜幼苗,研究污泥蚓粪育苗基质性质变化及其对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响。【结果】新鲜蚓粪基质比对照基质更有利于黄瓜幼苗株高、叶片叶绿素、根粗、根体积、根尖数和壮苗指数的提高;蚓粪堆置处理比对照基质更有利于提高黄瓜幼苗株高、根干重和总干重,但抑制了黄瓜幼苗根系的根粗、根尖数和壮苗指数。随着蛭石添加量的增加,新鲜蚓粪基质处理的株高、开展度、根表面积、根尖数、茎叶干重和总干重增加,壮苗指数显著降低(P<0.05,下同);堆置蚓粪基质处理的叶绿素含量、根长、根表面积和根尖数增加,而根冠比和壮苗指数降低。无论是否堆置,育苗后污泥蚓粪的有效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量显著高于对照基质;育苗后随着蛭石添加量的增加,污泥蚓粪基质的有效氮、磷、钾含量和EC均下降趋势,而p H增加。【结论】添加蛭石和堆置处理能有效降低了污泥蚓粪基质有效氮磷含量,增加了EC。污泥蚓粪基质黄瓜育苗中,推荐使用新鲜和堆置污泥蚓粪与蛭石按照8∶1混合的育苗基质。

【Objective】The effects of stacking and adding vermiculite to sewage sludge vermicompost on cucumber seedlings were studied to provide theoretical references for resource utilization of sludge vermicompost. 【Method】Different amounts of vermiculate（vermicompost：vermiculite =1∶0,2∶1,4∶1,8∶1）were added to the fresh and stacking（stacking 180d） sludge vermicompost,and then potting substrate was obtained. Cucumber seedlings grew in a greenhouse,and changes of sewage sludge vermicompost substrate properties and cucumber seedling growth characteristics were studied.【Result】 The results showed that,compared with the control substrate,fresh sewage sludge vermicompost was more conducive to increasing the cucumber seedlings evaluation indices including the shoot height,leaf chlorophyll,root diameter,root volume root tips and the strong seedling index. Stacking sewage sludge vermicompost increased the shoot height,root dry weight and the total dry weight,and reduced the cucumber seedling root diameter,root tips and the strong seedling index. With the increase of adding vermiculite,the seedling development evaluation indices of fresh vermicompost substrate significantly increased, including the shoot height,leaf expandedness,root surface area,root tips,shoot dry weight and total dry weight,but the strong seedling index decreased significantly（P 0.05, the same hereinafter）. Seedling development evaluation indices of stacked vermicompost substrate significantly increased including the leaf chlorophyll,root length,root surface area and root tips,but the root shoot ratio and strong seedling index decreased significantly. The available nitrogen（N）,available phosphorus（P）,available potassium（K） and p H in both the fresh and stacking sludge vermicompost substrate was significantly higher than those in the control substrate after nursery.And with the increase of adding vermiculite,available N,available P,available K and the electrical conductivity（EC）reduced,but p H increased. 【Conclusion 】Treatments of adding vermiculite and stacking can reduce the available N and available P of the sewage sludge vermicompost substrate,but increase the EC. In the cucumber nursery,the recommended substrate is made by the fresh or stacking sludge vermicompost mixed vermiculite with 8 ：1 volume ratio.