广西桂南蔗区土壤养分状况调查分析

Investigation of soil nutrient status in sugarcane-growing area of south Guangxi

【目的】调查分析广西桂南蔗区土壤养分状况,为桂南蔗区土地的合理利用及科学施肥提供参考依据。【方法】结合GIS技术,采集广西桂南甘蔗种植区的典型土壤类型的耕层土壤样本498份,测定其养分含量状况。【结果】酸性土壤（p H〈6.5）是桂南蔗区的主要类型（占95.5%）,其有机质含量6.03-44.58 g/kg、碱解N 14.0-175.0 mg/kg、速效P1.7-95.0 mg/kg、速效K 11.0-358.0 mg/kg,不同的养分含量大多处于中等水平,与高产土壤条件相比仍有较大差距。在各种微量元素中,B的平均含量为0.24 mg/kg,98%的土壤缺乏B;有效Mg的平均含量为62.34 mg/kg,69.08%的土壤缺Mg;活性Ca的平均含量为592.68mg/kg,54.84%的土壤活性Ca偏低;有效Zn的平均含量为0.93 mg/kg,19.08%的土壤缺Zn;有效Cu的平均含量为0.65mg/kg,7.02%的土壤缺Cu。【结论】广西桂南蔗地土壤肥力总体水平不高,有机质偏低,速效N、P、K含量均处于中下水平,Fe、Mn含量较丰富,大部分土壤有效Cu和有效Zn含量整体处于中等水平,因此生产上应适当增施有机肥、N、P、K肥。

【Objective】Soil nutrient status in sugarcane-growing area of south Guangxi was investigated to provide references for appropriate soil utilization and scientific fertilization. 【Method 】Applying GIS,498 soil samples were collected from typical sugarcane-growing area of south Guangxi. The nutrient status of these samples was measured. 【Result 】Acidified soil（p H6.5）, as the typical and major type, occupied 95.5% of the entire sugarcane-growing area of south Guangxi. SOM content of soil samples in the study area ranged from 6.03 g/kg to 44.56 g/kg. Available N content was 14.0-175.0 mg /kg. Available P content was 1.7-95.0 mg/kg. Available K content was 11.0-358.0 mg/kg. Most of soil nutrients was in medium level,not good enough for high sugarcane yield. Regarding all kinds of microelements,available B content of soil reached 0.24 mg/kg, which was insufficient in 98% soil. The average available Ca,Mg,Zn and Cu contents were recorded as 592.68,62.34,0.93 and 0.65 mg/kg,which was insufficient in 54. 84 %, 69. 08 %,19. 08 % and 7. 02 % soil, respectively. 【 Conclusion 】 In sugarcane- growing area of south Guangxi, containing low organic matter, soil fertility is low. Available N,P and K content are low or moderate, while Fe and Mn content are a lot.Available Cu and Zn content are in medium level. Accordingly, more organic fertilizer, N,P and K fertilizer should be applied in production.