PM_(2.5)源解析方法的比较与评述

Comparison and overview of PM_(2.5) source apportionment methods

当前我国PM2.5污染严重,空气质量、大气能见度和人体健康均受到影响和威胁,准确判定解析和定量确定PM2.5的来源是有针对性地制定相关政策法规和控制措施的重要科学前提.本文简要总结目前3大主要颗粒物源解析方法——源清单法、扩散模型法和受体模型法的发展历程和应用特征;以美国亚特兰大采集的PM2.5及化学成分为公共数据平台,评述了目前几种主要PM2.5源解析模型(受体模型和扩散模型)的方法特点以及适用性,分析了不同源解析方法对机动车源、燃煤源、生物质燃烧源、道路尘以及二次源等多种源类的解析特点、结果差异以及可能原因,总结了各种源解析方法在方法及应用上的优势和局限,提出多种方法集成应用和发展混合模型是未来开展颗粒物源解析工作的方向.

Serious air pollution in China now has great influence and threat on air quality, visibility, and human health. Accurate identification and quantification of sources play an important role in establishing relative policies, laws and control measures. This study briefly introduces development history and characteristics of three main methods to apportion sources of particles （emission inventory, source- oriented model and receptor model）. Based on data platform of PM2.5 and chemical components conducted in Atlanta, USA, this study summarizes characteristics of major source apportionment methods of source-oriented model and receptor model and their performance towards different sources （i.e. vehicle emission, coal combustion, biomass burning, dust and secondary sources）, points out the differences of various methods and potential reasons and analyzes their weakness and strength in application, suggesting that developing ensemble method should be an important direction for future source apportionment research.