新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区维吾尔族居民特发性震颤的患病率及相关因素分析

Related factors and prevalence for the essential tremor disease of Uygur residents in Hetian, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的 研究新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区维吾尔族常住居民特发性震颤（ET）的患病率及发病相关因素.方法 运用整群随机抽样方法,在和田地区7县1市中随机抽取和田市、于田县、墨玉县及洛浦县年龄在45岁及以上的常住居民（≥10年）进行流行病学问卷调查;按ET诊断标准筛选ET患者并计算其患病率;采用病例对照研究,按1∶1随机选出未患ET的健康人群作为对照组,且与病例组在性别、族别、年龄（±2岁）方面相匹配.采用结构式问卷,以面对面方式调查了解ET发病的相关因素.对数据采用EpiData 3.1软件两人独立录入,分析和田地区各年龄组的ET的患病率,并运用SPSS19.0统计软件对各研究因素与ET的关系进行多因素条件性Logistic回归分析,P＜0.05差异有统计学意义.结果 和田地区2013年11至12月共有5 932例人接受问卷调查,其中发现ET患者216例,且均为维吾尔族,该地区45岁以上ET的总患病率3.64％,其中45岁以上男性患病率为3.76％,女性患病率为3.52％.45 ～ 54岁、55 ～ 64岁、65 ～ 74岁、75岁以上人群的患病率分别为3.08％、3.72％、4.08％、4.31％.多因素条件性Logistic回归分析显示：农药接触史（B=2.664,x2=86.773,P＜0.05,OR=14.347,95％ CI8.192～25.127）、家族史（B=3.191,x2 =61.430,P＜0.05,OR=24.303,95％ CI 10.943 ～ 53.972）可增加ET的发病风险;而职业、文化程度、运动及社会活动、饮茶、饮食习惯与ET发病无明显相关性.结论 新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区45岁以上ET患病率为3.76％,且随着年龄的增长,ET患病率呈增高趋势.该地区ET发病可能与年龄、农药接触史及家族史密切相关,并为该地区ET早期预防及诊治提供理论依据.

Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of essential tremor （ET）in permanent residents of Hetian,Xinjiang.Methods By cluster random sampling,the local residents （≥ 10 years） at the age of 45 years and above in Hetian,Xinjiang received an epidemiological survey covering 1 city and 7 counties.Hetian City,Yutian County,Moyu County and Luopu County were randomly selected.According to the diagnostic standard of ET,the ET patients were screened face-to-face to understand the factors related to the pathogenesis of ET.And for this case control study,a ratio of 1 ∶ 1 was used to randomly select healthy subjects without ET as the control group.Both groups were matched with regards to gender,nationality and age （±2 yr）.The EpiData 3.1 software was employed.And the data were independently entered to analyze the prevalence of ET in various age groups.The statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used for single factor analysis and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis.P ＜ 0.05 was statistically significant.Results A total of 5 932 patients responded to the questionnaire and there were 216 cases of ET patients.The total prevalence rate of ET was 3.64％ in those aged over 45 years old and the prevalence rate over 45 years of age was 3.76％ for males and 3.52％ for females.The prevalence of 45-54,55-64,65-74 and ≥75-year old were 3.08％,3.72％,4.08％ and 4.31％ respectively.Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed：the pesticide exposure history （B =2.664,x2 =86.773,P ＜ 0.05,OR =14.347,95％ CI 8.192-25.127） and family history （B =3.191,x2 =61.430,P ＜ 0.05,OR =24.303,95％ CI 10.943-53.972） were associated with increased risk of ET while occupation,education,sports,social activities,drinking tea,eating habits and the incidence of ET had no obvious correlation.Conclusion ET has a prevalence rate of 3.64％ in Hetian,Xinjiang,And it has a rising trend with advancing age.The pathogenesis of ET is probably correlated with age,pesticide exposure history and family history.Thus theoretic rationales may be provided for early prevention and treatment of ET in the area.