马来穿山甲的种群结构、繁殖力及仔兽出生记录

The Population Structure, Fecundity and New Born Cubs′ Records of Manis javanica

根据鳞甲、毛发、爪的磨损程度以及母幼行为关系和体重大小,对2011年6月查获的87头马来穿山甲（Manis javanica）种群结构进行了分析,幼年、亚成年、成年、老年组的比例和个体数分别为3.45%（3头）、25.29%（22头）、36.78%（32头）和34.48%（27头）。年龄结构呈倒金字塔型,属快速下降型种群。种群性比（♀︰♂）为1︰1.42（36︰51）,雌性个体少。在各年龄组中,成年组雌性比例最小（28.13%）。每胎1仔,体重最小的孕兽只有1.95 kg,为亚成年个体。雌兽群体怀孕率为36.10%,成年雌兽的怀孕率最高（77.78%）。6只新生仔兽体重（143.3±6.67）g（120-170 g）、体长（14.7±0.29）cm（14.8-15.4 cm）、尾长（10.1±0.24）cm（9.5-11.2 cm）。该马来穿山甲种群结构的状况,可能预示野生种群已处于较为严重的不健康状态。

Eighty seven Malayan pangolins （Manis javanica） alive smuggled were confiscated in Guangdong in June, 2011. We aged them by their claws, scales, hair, and the relationships between mother and baby, and recorded their body weight. This group of Malayan pangolins were recognized as 4 age groups： cub （3 ind）, sub-adult （22 ind）, adult （32 ind）, and senior （27 ind）. The 4 groups represented 3.45%, 25.29%, 36.78% and 34.48% of the total group size, respectively. The age structure diagram shaped inverse pyramid with sex ratio 1 ： 1.42 （♀︰♂= 36 ： 51）. The proportion of females was less than that of males,and the female proportion was the lowest in adult group （28.13%）. Of the females 7 were in pregnancy, accounting a pregnant rate of 36.10%. Among the pregnant females, one was sub-adult whose weight was 1.95 kg. The greatest fecundity （77.78%） occurred in the adult group. Morphological feature of new born cubs were measured as body weight 143.3 ：1： 6.67 g （range 120 - 170 g, n=6）; body length 14.7 4- 0.29 cm （range 14.8 - 15.4 cm, n = 6）; tail length 10.1 a： 0.24 cm （range 9.5 - 11.2 cm, n = 6）. Our research indicated that Malayan pangolin population has been largely destroyed with severe unhealthy status in Southeast Asia area. The population will continue to keep a rapid decline trend if no effective protective measures were taken soon.