2012年江苏省地方性氟中毒防治健康教育效果评估

Evaluation of the effects of health education on endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu Province in 2012

目的评价江苏省地方性氟中毒健康教育效果，为制订防治策略提供依据。方法2012年，根据地方性氟中毒的历史病情，在江苏省选择12个县（区），每个县（区）选择3个乡（镇），每个乡（镇）选择1所中心小学校，每所学校选择4～6年级学生开展地方性氟中毒的健康教育活动；每个乡（镇）选择3个村，开展社区健康教育活动。在健康教育干预前、后，每个乡（镇）的中心小学校抽取5年级1个班的30名学生，并在每所学校所在地抽取15名家庭主妇，进行饮水型氟中毒防治知识的问卷调查。结果健康教育干预前、后，小学生与家庭主妇地方性氟中毒防治知识问卷调查应答题数分别为3240、1620、3240、1620，正常答题数分别为2123、1112、3101、1501，知晓率分别为65．52％、68．64％和95．71％、92．65％，干预前均显著高于干预后（χ2=944．480、299．160，P均〈0．05）。健康教育干预前，小学生地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓率低于家庭主妇（χ2=4．714，P〈0．05）；健康教育干预后，小学生防治知识知晓率高于家庭主妇（χ2=20．055，P〈0．05）。结论健康教育干预显著改善了小学生和家庭主妇地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓情况，达到了预期效果。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu Province, and to provide reference data for the further prevention and control. Methods In 2012, according to the past prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu Province, a total of 12 counties （districts） were selected, and 3 townships were chosen in each project county. Health educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 4 - 6 in the central primary school. In the meantime, 3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health educational activities in the community were carried out. Before and after the health education activities, thirty students in one class of the fifth grade in the central primary school were extracted, and 15 housewives near the central primary school were extracted too. Questionnaire surveys on knowledge of endemic fluorosis were conducted in each project country. Results After the health educational activities, the number of questions of knowledge awareness in the students and the housewives was 3 240, 1 620; the number of correct answer was 3 101, 1 501; the rates were 95.71% and 92.65% respectively, and increased significantly compared with those before the intervention [65.52% （2 123/3 240）, 68.64% （1 112/1 620）], the differences were significant （χ2= 944.480, 299.160, all P 〈 0.05）. Before the health educational activities, the rate of knowledge awarenes in the students was lower than that in the housewives （χ2 = 4.714, P 〈 0.05）. After the health educational activities, the rate of knowledge awareness in the students was higher than that in the housewives, the difference was significant （χ2 = 20.055, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The rates of knowledge awareness in the students and the housewives are increased significantly after the health educational activities, and the expected goal is reached.