清末地方教育监察机制及其困境——以四川学务处为中心的考察

On the Supervision over Local Educational Affairs in the Late Qing Period and Its Dilemmas——An Inspection of the Center of Sichuan Educational Office

学务处作为近代四川教育的最高管理机构,在对地方教育管理及监察运行过程中借鉴古今中外之法,创设查学制度以及省、厅府、州县三级管理监察体制,对清末中央教育体制和视学制度的建立起到重要的借鉴作用。其运行过程中所面临的困境凸显出近代教育机构在地方行政管理体系中的"边缘化"地位,不仅未达到加强社会控制的目的,反而促进了社会阶层的分化。

As the top management institution of modern education in Sichuan province, Sichuan Educational Office drew reference from all countries at all times in the process of educational affairs management and the supervision of the operation method of ancient and modern, creating ChaXue institutions as well as the three- level management and supervision system at the provincial, state, county levels. Its operation laidsound foundation for the latter central education system and the education inspection. The dilemmas in this process highlight the ＂marginalization＂ position of modem education institutions in the local administrative management system, which, instead of helping achieve the purpose of strengthening the social control, enforced the social class differentiation.