中国城市生产性服务业模式选择研究——以工业效率提升为导向

Study on the Pattern Selection of Chinese Urban Producer Services——Oriented by the Improvement of Industrial Efficiency

在工业效率提升的目标导向下,中国各城市生产性服务业发展面临在专业化与多样化发展模式之间进行选择。本文构建了关于生产性服务业模式选择与工业效率提升的一个分析框架,并基于2003—2012年中国284个地级及以上城市面板数据,运用空间面板计量模型,实证研究了工业效率提升导向下中国城市生产性服务业的模式选择。研究发现:随着城市规模的扩大以及工业对生产性服务业需求规模的上升和门类的增加,生产性服务业发展模式逐渐由专业化向多样化转变。生产性服务业多样化程度越高的城市,对周边城市工业劳动生产率提升的空间溢出效应越强,但受交易成本和"面对面"接触需求的影响,空间溢出效应随距离增加而衰减,在100公里范围内的空间溢出效应最强,当距离超过350公里后溢出效应呈现明显的下降。超大城市、特大城市和大城市生产性服务业适宜选择多样化发展模式促进工业效率的提升,其中,特大城市生产性服务业多样化程度的提高对工业效率的拉动效应最为显著;而中小城市则应专注于某些特色专业化生产性服务业部门的发展,以此带动本地工业效率的提升。

Oriented by the improvement of industrial efficiency,the development of producer services in Chinese cities is facing real problems in choosing the pattern between specialization and diversification. This paper constructs an analysis framework on relationship between the pattern selection of producer services and the improvement of industrial efficiency. Based on the panel data of China＇s 284 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2012, and using spatial panel econometric model, this paper empirically researches the pattern selection of Chinese urban producer services, which is oriented by the improvement of industrial efficiency. The result shows that along with the expansion of urban size and the increasing demand and variety for producer services of industry,the development pattern of producer services changes from specialization to diversification. The improvement of diversification index of producer services shows positive spatial spillover on the industrial efficiency of surrounding cities. Under the influence of transaction costs and the ＂face to face＂ contact demand, the spatial spillover decreases with increasing distance. This spatial spillover performs most strongly around 100 kilometers, and when the distance is over 350 kilometers, the spatial spillover declines obviously. Giant cities, megacities and big cities should choose diversification pattern of producer services to improve industrial efficiency. Especially for megacities, the improvement of diversification of producer services has significant pulling-effect on industrial efficiency. And medium and small-sized cities should focus on some specialization producer services to improve local industrial efficiency.