能源偏向型技术进步与绿色增长转型——基于中国33个行业的实证考察

Energy Biased Technology Progress and Green Growth Transformation——An Empirical Analysis Based on 33 Industries of China

推动中国经济实现绿色增长转型需要依赖技术进步。本文通过构建基于超越对数成本函数与Kalman Filter的测度模型,测算了中国33个行业的能源偏向型技术进步,并对行业能源偏向型技术进步动态演进特征与影响因素进行了评估。研究发现:总体上,行业技术进步偏向于能源消耗,高能耗特征明显。市场化滞后、资本密集型的行业受到市场规模效应影响而呈现出能源消耗型技术进步:技术与设备轻型化行业受能源价格影响,表现为能源节约型技术进步。技术创新特性与投资周期差异导致能源偏向型技术进步表现出较为明显的行业异质性特征,相比重工业,服务业和轻工业的波动次数更多、波幅相对较小。与发达国家相比,宏观环境波动和要素价格扭曲等非市场化因素导致中国行业技术进步偏向性较大、波动更频繁。保持宏观环境、行业政策的相对稳定,对于稳定企业预期、推动绿色技术创新具有重要意义。

Promoting the Chinese economy to achieve green growth transformation needs to rely on technological progress. This paper calculates the energy biased technology progress of 33 industries through constructing the measure model based on logarithmic cost function and Kalman Filter as well as evaluate dynamic evolution characteristics and influence factors of those energy biased technology progress. It finds that industry technology progress prefers to use more energy, which shows obvious high energy consumption characteristic. Capital intensive industries that lagging of marketing degree are more easily affected by the market scale effect and show energy consumption technology progress, industries that have light technology and equipment are more easily affected by energy price effect and show energy saving technology progress. Energy biased technology progress represents significant industry heterogeneity as a result of the characteristic of technological innovation and difference in investment cycle. Service industries and light industries have more frequent fluctuate and smaller amplitude than those of heave industries. The bias of industry technology progress of China show larger and more frequent fluctuation compared with developed countries as a result of the fluctuation of macro environment and the distorted price and other non-marketing factors. It is important that maintaining the relative stability of macroeconomic environment and industry policy and promoting market oriented reform so as to stabilize the company＇s expectation and promote green technology innovation.