医学生吸烟及控烟健康教育现状的调查研究

AN INVESTIGATION ON CURRENT SITUATION OF SMOKING AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS AND SMOKING-CONTROL HEALTH EDUCATION

目的了解医学生吸烟行为状况以及参与控烟相关课程培训情况,为今后制定和实施医学生控烟健康教育措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取某高校医学生共299人。采用WHO编写的环球医务工作者调查核心问卷,调查医学生的一般特征,与吸烟相关的态度、行为及参加控烟相关课程的培训情况。结果该校医学生总吸烟率为16.7%,低于全国机关工作人员平均水平;71.6%的医学生学习过有关吸烟危害健康的知识,不同年级间差异有显著性(χ2=53.9,P<0.05);28.8%的医学生进行过有关吸烟的讨论,不同年级间差异有显著性(χ2=51.5,P<0.05);68.2%的医学生认为记录病人一般病史时了解病人的吸烟情况很重要,不同年级间差异有显著性(χ2=116.5,P<0.05);6.7%的医学生接受过指导病人戒烟的正规培训,不同年级间差异有显著性(χ2=14.9,P<0.05)。结论医学院校有关吸烟、控烟的医学教育缺乏针对性和系统性,培训效果不理想。今后应重视医学生吸烟、控烟教育开展的方式、方法,尝试新的、行之有效的教育、培训模式。

Objective To understand the condition of smoking among medical students and their participation in smo- king-control-related training, and provide a scientific basis for enacting and practicing smoking-control health education in medical students in the future. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, 299 medical students were enrolled from a university. Employing Global Health Professional Survey （GHPS）, compiled by WHO, core questionnaire, to survey their general characteristic, their smoking-related attitude and behavior, as well as their participation in training course concerning tobacco con- trol. Results The total smoking rate of medical students of the university was 16.7%, which was lower than the average level of office workers 71.6% of the students had learned the knowledge about smoking is harmful to health, the difference between diffe- rent grades was significant （Z2 =53.9 ,P〈0.05） 28.8% of them had ever joined a discussion on smoking, the difference between different grades was significant （X2 =51.5 ,P%0.05）, 68.2% of them considered important to record a patienfs tobacco use histo ry, the difference between different grades was significant （X2= 116.5, P〈0.05） 6.70% of them had ever been trained to guide a patient quit smoking, the difference between different grades was significant （Z2 =14.9,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The medical edu- cation on smoking and its control in medical schools is lack of direction and systematicness, the result is not ideal. In the future, the modality and method for carrying out smoking and tobacco-control education in medical students should be thought highly of, and new and effective education and training models be tried.