潮气呼吸支气管舒张试验在婴幼儿哮喘中应用价值

TIDAL BREATHING BRONCHIAL DILATION TEST:VALUE IN INFANTS WITH ASTHMA

目的 了解潮气呼吸支气管舒张试验在0-3岁支气管哮喘病儿中的应用价值。方法选取0-3岁支气管哮喘病儿（哮喘组）和支气管肺炎病儿（肺炎组）各40例,行潮气呼吸支气管舒张试验。试验前后检测两组病儿肺功能,记录达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、潮气量（VT/kg）和呼吸比（Ti/Te）。结果哮喘组TPTEF/TE、VPEF/VE和Ti/Te均低于肺炎组,VT/kg高于肺炎组,差异有显著性（t=3.038-3.433,P〈0.05）。哮喘组支气管舒张试验阳性率明显高于肺炎组,差异有显著性（χ^2=14.528,P〈0.01）。哮喘组支气管舒张试验的阳性率随年龄的增加而增加,但由于样本量较少,各年龄段之间的差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 潮气呼吸支气管舒张试验适用于0-3岁婴幼儿哮喘的鉴别诊断,试验敏感性随着年龄的增加而增加。

Objective To assess the value of tidal breathing bronchial dilatation test （TBBDT） in 0-3-year-old infants with bronchial asthma （BA）. Methods Forty patients with BA （BA group） and 40 with bronchopneumonia （BP group） were selected, and TBBDT was conducted. Before and after the test, the ratio of peak expiratory flow volume to total expiratory volume （VPEF/VE）, the ratio of peak expiratory flow time to total expiratory time （TPTEF/TE）, tidal volume per kilogram（VT/kg） and inspiratory time to expiratory time （Ti/Te） were recorded in the two groups. Results VPEF/VE, TPTEF/TE and VT/kg in the BA group were lower than that in the BP group, and VT/kg was higher, the differences were statistically significant （t = 3.038-3.433,P〈0.05）. The positive rate of TBBDT in the BA group was higher than that in the BP （X2 = 14.528,P〈0.01）. The positive rate of TBBDT increased in the BA group along with the growth of age, but the difference between each age group was not significant due to limited samples （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Tidal breathing bronchial dilatation test applies to differential diagnosis of 0-3-year-old children with asthma. Test sensitivity increases with the growth of the age.