论李贺的“承恩”情结——以《马诗二十三首》为例

The “Being Blessed” Complex of Li He : Taking “the Twenty-Three Poems on Horse” as an Example

《马诗二十三首》中的"骏马"意象是诗人李贺的自况,诗中所表现的"承恩"情结,正是李贺复杂心态的审美化呈现。本文通过文本细读,具体展现诗中"骏马"的"承恩"情结,表现为四个方面:一、"盼"与"怨"——"承恩情结"的两大主调;二、自恋与自虐——"承恩情结"的两种极端表达;三、"承恩情结"下的自我意识;四、最完美的理想与最彻底的虚无。"骏马"在"马—伯乐—饲马者"关系体系中的生存状态,是诗人生存状态的象征,"承恩"情结见证了诗人的命运,造就了他的美丽诗篇。

The images of 'courser' in 'the Twenty-Three Poems on Horse' are the symbol of Li Ho, and the 'being blessed' complex in the poems is just aesthetic presentation of Li Ho's complicated mentality. This paper shows and analyzes the 'being blessed' complex by closing reading in four aspects, that is: 1. Exception and complaint, the two main themes of the 'being blessed' complex; 2. Narcissism and selfflagellation, two kinds of extreme expression of the 'being blessed' complex; 3. Self-consciousness under the 'being blessed' complex; 4. The most perfect idea and the most thorough nihilism. The survival condition of 'coursers' in the relation system of 'horse-horse scout-horse keeper' is the symbol of that of Li Ho. The 'being blessed' complex, is the witness of Li Ho's destiny, and the inspiratory of his beautiful poems.