高等学校章程地方立法可行性分析及具体建议

The Feasibility Analysis of Local Legislation in University Regulation and Specific Suggestions

公办高校章程对外是学校和举办者之间界定权利义务的契约,对内相当于一个学校的"宪法",包括内部治理结构、师生权利保护和章程制定修改程序等重要内容。目前,章程制定中存在的问题主要是法律地位不高,不能有效界定对外关系;学校积极性不高,不能在学校的内部治理结构、师生权益保护和章程制定修改程序等方面写入具有可操作性的制度设计。通过地方立法,将高校章程上升为地方性法规,或许在以下两方面均会发挥一定作用:通过提升章程的法律效力,有效界定对外关系;通过地方立法相对规范严格的项目遴选机制倒逼学校提高积极性,提报高质量的章程,并在这一过程中保证相关利益群体都能参与章程制定。

To the external, the public university regulation is a contract that defines the rights and obligations between universities and organizers, while to the internal, it equals to university＇ s constitution that includes internal governance structure, teachers and students＇ rights protection, formulation and modification program of regulation, and so on. At present, the main problems exiting in the regulation formulation are that legal status is not high and it cannot effectively define the foreign relations, and that universities are not very active and they cannot draw up operable system design in the perspective of universities＇ internal governance structure, teachers and students＇ rights protection, formulation and modification program of regulation, and so on. Upgrading university regulation to local rules by local legislation may play an important role in the following two aspects： on the one hand, defining effectively foreign relations by upgrading regulation＇ s legal effect; on the other hand, promoting universities to be more active, reporting high - quality regulations and making sure that all the related stakeholders could participate in the regulation formulation in the whole process by the relatively standard and strict project selection mechanism of local legislation.