亚微米高氯酸铵的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Characterization of Submicron Ammonium Perchlorate( AP)

采用LG-1型立式搅拌研磨机,以仲丁醇作为分散介质,通过控制研磨时间、转速、物料浓度等因素,制备了亚微米高氯酸铵(AP),并采用真空冷冻干燥技术对研磨浆料进行干燥得到产品。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别对制备的AP样品的粒度分布、颗粒大小和晶型进行表征,同时对制备的亚微米AP样品的摩擦感度、撞击感度以及热分解特性进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的AP样品平均粒径为460 nm;与普通工业级微米AP相比,亚微米AP样品的摩擦感度和撞击感度分别升高了20.0%和18.7%,高温分解峰峰温提前了60.1℃(升温速率10℃/min),表观活化能降低了27.3 k J/mol。同时,催化剂对亚微米AP的催化效果优于普通工业级微米AP。

Using LG-1 vertical stirring grinding machine,submicron ammonium perchlorate（ AP） was prepared by controlling the grinding time,rotating speed and the concentration of the materials. Secondary butyl alcohol was used as disperse medium,and the final products are obtained by the vacuum freeze-drying method. Particle size distribution,grain sizes and crystal structures of these obtained AP particles were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,field emissionscanning electron microscopy（ FESEM） and X-Ray diffraction（ XRD）. The friction sensitivity,impact sensitivity and thermogravimetric analysis of submicron AP were tested. The results show that the prepared AP particles have an average particle size of 460 nm. Compared with the coarse AP,the friction and impact sensitivities increased by 20. 0% and18. 7% respectively,the high-temperature decomposition（ HTD） peak temperature of submicron AP decreased by 60. 1℃（ heat rate 10℃ /min）,and the activation energyreduced by 27. 3 k J/mol. Furthermore,the catalytic effect of submicron AP is better than ordinary industrial micron AP.