黑龙江省生态安全测算及空间分布特征

Calculation and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Ecological Security in Heilongjiang Province

利用生态足迹模型对2012年黑龙江省不同土地类型及各市的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态安全进行了测算。研究发现:1不同土地类型的生态足迹和生态承载力存在很大差别,其中牧草地消费最高(8.87hm2/人),其次是能源用地(6.20hm2/人)和水域(2.59hm2/人),其他类型土地消费相对较小;而对生态承载力,林地和耕地的生态承载力所占比重最高,分别占50%和48%,其他土地类型的生态承载力可忽略不计。2城市产业结构和资源禀赋对地区生态足迹和承载力影响较大,工业城市哈尔滨、大庆和齐齐哈尔的生态足迹较高,而国有林区覆盖的区域大兴安岭、黑河和伊春的生态承载力较高。

This paper calculated ecological footprint ecological carrying capacity and ecological security of different land types and each city of Heilongjiang Province in 2012, using the ecological footprint model. The study found that ：（①There was a big difference between the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of different types of land, of which the highest pasture consumption was up 8.87hm^2 per person, followed by energy sites （6.20hm^2 per person） and water （2.59hm^2 per person ）, other types of land consumption was relatively small. While for ecological carrying ca- pacity, the ecological carrying capacity of the woodland and farmland was the highest proportion, accounting for 50 % and 48 % respectively, the eco- logical carrying capacity of other land types were negligible. ② Urban industrial structure and resource endowments had lager effect on the regional carrying capacity and ecological footprint ： Harbin, Daqing and Qiqihar that were all industrial city had a higher ecological footprint while the area cov- ered by the national forestlands, Heihe and Yichun were higher in the ecological carrying capacity.