基于生态-经济比较优势视角的建设用地空间优化配置研究——以扬州市为例

Research on spatial optimum allocation of construction land in an eco-economic comparative advantage perspective:a case study of Yangzhou City

随着生态空间日益萎缩,生态环境不断恶化,经济发展与生态保护矛盾日趋加剧。为了协调经济发展空间与生态保护空间的矛盾问题,促进生态、经济协调持续发展,综合运用景观生态学方法与经济学原理,从"生态-经济"比较优势视角对建设用地指标进行空间优化配置。运用景观安全格局方法构建区域综合生态安全格局,据此计算空间单元的生态重要性指数,采用最小累积阻力模型对区域建设用地开发经济适宜性进行评价,计算空间单元的建设用地开发经济适宜性指数;其次运用生态重要性指数与经济适宜性指数计算建设用地开发比较优势度,以比较优势约束性满足程度为目标函数构建建设用地空间优化配置模型,并用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carol)法对之求解。以江苏省扬州市为例作了实证研究。结果显示,未来扬州市建设用地向南部经济发达地区集中,北部地区主要承担生态保护功能;建设用地配置结果呈现出经济发展与生态保护的错位格局,有助于扬州市生态保护与经济发展。从"生态-经济"比较优势视角提出了建设用地空间优化配置方法,为土地利用规划及生态保护规划编制提供了科学依据。

With natural space shrinking and the ecological environment deteriorating, the conflict between economic development and environmental protection is increasingly intensified. As urban areas expand, land for construction （treated as a special resource） consumes natural areas, resulting in negative impacts on the environment, while having a positive effect on economic development. The challenge in the allocation of construction land resources is that it must consider both environmental protection and economic development. The traditional strategy of resource allocation based solely on efficiency only satisfies the objectives of economic development, and ignores the significant ecological constraints on socio-economic development, leading ultimately to an unsustainable development of society and the economy. Therefore, in planning for construction-land allocation, environmental protection and economic efficiency must be balanced. To mediate the conflict between economic development space and ecological protection space-achieving sustainable economic development and environmental protection-this paper examines the optimum spatial allocation of construction land using the landscape ecology methodology and economic principles, from an eco-economic comparative advantage perspective. First, a comprehensive regional ecological security pattern was developed using the landscape security pattern method, allowing us to calculate the ecological importance indexes of space units according to the security pattern. Using the minimum cumulative resistance model, the economic suitability index of regional construction land development was evaluated. This was the basis for economic suitability indexes of construction land development for the spatial units. Second, we calculated the comparative advantage index of construction land development based on the ecological importance index and the economic suitability index. We then built a construction land allocation model （solved by the Monte Carlo Method）, the objective function of which is to optimize the space constraints of comparative advantage satisfaction. Finally, we applied our empirical research, using Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province as an example. Research results indicate that in the future the construction land of Yangzhou would concentrate on the developed southern area of the city, while the northern part of the city primarily plays a role in environmental protection. The allocation of construction land reflects the dislocation pattern of economic development and ecological protection, which could benefit both economic development and environmental protection in Yangzhou City. Meanwhile, using the grid as the smallest unit to evaluate both the ecological importance and the economic suitability of construction land, the planners and decision makers can better understand the spatial continuity and the non-equilibrium of natural and economic elements. This understanding will play a strong guiding role on the spatial layout of construction land. Additionally, to estimate land development intensity for each administrative unit, the proposed resource allocation model combines numerous factors of basic farmland protection and land resource endowments. This provides a scientific method and theoretical basis for the determination of land development intensity. This research proposes a method of optimum spatial allocation of construction land from an eco-economic comparative advantage perspective, and provides a scientific basis for both land-use and environmental protection planning.