耕作措施对土壤水分和燕麦产量的影响

Effect of Different Tillage Managements on Soil Water and Oat Yield

为明确耕作措施对土壤水分及燕麦产量的影响,以‘坝莜1号’燕麦为试验材料,在大田条件下,于2011-2013年在内蒙古清水河县进行耕作措施比较试验。结果表明,深松和翻耕较免耕可明显降低播前土壤体积质量,增加土壤孔隙度,改善土壤结构。秋松、春松、免耕和秋翻处理能提高土壤贮水量和水分利用效率,各处理抽穗期0～100cm土壤贮水量分别较春翻处理高出15.09、10.17、5.94和3.27mm;水分利用效率提高13.92%、11.36%、1.36%和0.00%。各处理对燕麦产量构成因素有明显促进作用,提高燕麦籽粒产量和生物产量,各处理籽粒产量和生物产量均表现为秋松〉春松〉免耕〉秋翻〉春翻。综合考虑土壤体积质量、贮水量、水分利用效率和燕麦产量及其构成因素,秋松处理表现最佳。因此,秋松是提高黄土高原丘陵区生态和经济效益的保护性耕作措施。

In order to determine the effect of different tillage managements on soil water and oat yield,we conducted this experiment with the oat（Bayou 1）as test material in field,comparison test of tillage managements was carried out in Qingshuihe County,Inner Mongolia in 2011-2013.The results showed that：Subsoiling and plowing significantly reduced soil volumic mass before sowing,increased soil porosity and improved soil structure.SA,SS,NT and PA increased soil water storage and efficiency of water use.Soil water storage in 0-100 cm soil layers of each treatment was 15.09 mm,10.17 mm,5.94 mm and 3.27 mm higher respectively than PS in oat heading stage.Efficiency of water use increased by 13.92%,11.36%,1.36% and 0.00% respectively.Each treatment significantly promoted yield components of oat and improved oat grain yield and biomass.The performance of grain yield and biomass of each treatment showed SA〉SS〉NT〉PA〉PS.Synthesizing the soil volumic mass,soil water storage,water use efficiency,oat yield and its components,the performance of SA was the best.Therefore,SA was an effective conservation tillage for improving the ecological and economic benefits in the hilly area of Loess Plateau.