不同樱桃砧木根际微生物和养分的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Biomass and Nutrition of Different Cherry Rootstocks

研究樱桃年生长周期内不同樱桃砧木(大青叶、山樱、考特和马哈利)对根际微生物和养分动态变化的影响。结果表明,樱桃年生长周期内,各砧木根际微生物数量呈现先上升再下降的变化趋势,且均以细菌最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少。根际有机质和全氮呈先上升后下降又上升的变化趋势,全磷和全钾呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,碱解氮和速效磷呈逐步上升的变化趋势,速效钾呈先降低后上升的变化趋势,且各砧木根际各养分差异显著。4种樱桃砧木土壤营养水平基本能够满足樱桃生长的需要,但根际养分亏缺。因此,选择合适的樱桃砧木,有利于土壤微生物数量和养分的提高,从而为樱桃树生长创造良好的土壤生态环境。

The effects of four kinds of cherry rootstocks（Cerasus pseudocerasus（Lind.l）G.Don.‘Daqingye＇,Cerasus sachalinensis,Colt and Cerasus mahaleb（L.）Mil.l）on the dynamic changes of rhizosphere soil microbial biomass and nutrition were studied in the cherry growth year.The results showed that the number of soil microorganisms tended to initially increased and then decreased in rhizosphere soil,and bacteria were dominant,followed by actinomycetes,and fungi were the least under different varieties of cherry rootstocks.The mass fraction of organic matter and total nitrogen increased firstly and then decreased,increased again at last.The content of total phosphorus and potassium initially increased and then decreased.Moreover,the alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus increased gradually.Available potassium presented a trend from dropping at first to rising afterwards in rhizosphere soil.Overall,soil nutrition were significantly different under different varieties of cherry rootstocks.The soil was able to supply nutrient for cherry＇s growth under different varieties of cherry rootstocks,but rhizosphere soil nutrition was depleted.Therefore,the suitable cherry rootstocks will be beneficial to increase soil microorganisms number and soil nutrition content,and provide a good soil for the growth of cherry trees.