天然有机质与重金属相互作用的分析方法进展

Advances in Analytical Methods for Investigating the Interaction between Natural Organic Matters and Heavy Metals

由于NOM(natural organic matter,天然有机质)种类及来源的多样性及其结构和性质的复杂性,导致NOM与重金属之间的相互作用存在一定的不确定性.针对NOM与重金属之间相互作用的一系列分析方法,重点阐述了谱学分析有关分析方法、等温滴定微量热法、溶出伏安法、zeta电位变化分析以及高效体积排阻色谱法等,这些方法从NOM的谱学特征、zeta电位、分子量、热力学参数及电化学性质等方面对二者之间的相互作用进行深入研究,取得了一定进展,但也存在不足.针对各分析方法的特点及其局限性,建议今后联合使用多种方法分析NOM与重金属之间的相互作用机制;通过确定不同影响因素对二者结合作用的大小和权重,建立多因素影响下二者相互作用的模型,以定性、定量分析天然水体中NOM与重金属的相互作用.

There are many uncertainties about the interactions between natural organic matters and heavy metals,due to the diverse sources,structures and properties of natural organic matter.Nowadays more and more advanced analytical methods are used to study these interactions.This study reviewed the main analytical methods for investigating the interaction sbetween natural organic matter and heavy metals,including spectroscopy analysis,isothermal titration calorimetry,stripping voltammetry,zeta potential analysis and high performance size exclusion chromatography.The methods can investigate the interactions between natural organic matters and heavy metals from different aspects,including spectroscopic characteristics,zeta potential,molecular weight,thermodynamic parameters and electrochemical properties.Although research using these methods has made some progress,it is still insufficient.Because each individual analytical method has its own characteristic and limitations,it is suggested that a variety of methods can be combined to study the interaction between natural organic matters and heavy metals in future work.It is also suggested to create a multi-parameter dependent model to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze and predict the NOM-heavy metal interactions based on knowing the contribution of each parameter to the interactions.