克氏原螯虾领域占有现象的研究及其在养殖中的应用

Phenomena and Application of Territory Ownership in Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Aquaculture

在室内小型水体、户外中型水体及池塘大型水体3种环境下同步和异步养殖克氏原螯虾,对比了存活率、残肢率和质量变异系数等指标。小型、中型水体同步组的残肢率均显著低于异步组(P值分别为0.007、0.016);中型水体同步组的存活率显著高于异步组,P=0.006;中、大型水体同步组螯虾质量变异系数均小于异步组(P值分别为0.015、0.002)。结果显示,克氏原螯虾存在先期领域所有权现象,即"有产者原则"。人工养殖中异步放养虾苗违背该原则,易增加螯虾群体自相残杀而导致存活率下降;同步放养则符合"有产者原则",有利于降低螯虾种内格斗。试验结果为解决高密度水产养殖中克氏原螯虾自相残杀而导致的减产提供科学依据。

According to red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii territorial protection behavior,we conducted three experiments,including in small water area in a laboratory,medium water area outdoor and large water area in ponds,and each treatment contained synchronization stocking group and asynchronous stocking group as control group.The statistics on the survival rate,legs-disabled rate and the coefficient of variation in body weight made the conclusions that it was first come first served the ownership of the territory in the crayfish,which is also known as＂bourgeois principle＂.Asynchronous stocking turned against the principle,thus significantly increase in the intraspecific competition in the crayfish.While synchronization stocking fits the principle better,as it helps to reduce intraspecific behavior in the crayfish.The findings have certain reference value on red swamp crayfish aquaculture,reducing the decrease in number in the aquaculture caused by cannibalism in high-density environment.