《巴黎手稿》的“劳动分离”逻辑和劳动价值论的初始证明

A Logic Theory of Labor Separation and the Initial Proof of Labor Value in Marx's Economic and Philosophical Paris Manuscripts

"劳动分离"是马克思《巴黎手稿》的重要命题。马克思关于现实资本主义即市民社会生产的说明使用的就是"劳动分离"逻辑,如何理解这一命题及其内涵是《巴黎手稿》解读的重要方面。笔者认为,它是马克思辩证揭示"异化劳动"的发生及其现实化为"私有制"的生产关系这一内容需要,同时更是理解资本主义经济如何体现为"抽象劳动"生产的历史机制的解析,即对"抽象劳动"如何与"具体劳动"形成"分离"作为一种历史必然结果和现象的把握。实质上,资本主义生产规律的揭示以"劳动二重性"为前提的科学说明,首先要把私有财产当作劳动分离的历史过程及其包含的辩证机制揭示出来,这样现实的资本主义社会才会得到真正的科学说明。诚然,《巴黎手稿》的"劳动分离"逻辑揭示就是完成这一步的工作并成为后来马克思著述"劳动二重性"的基础,它构成了劳动价值论初始实证的重要环节。

Labor Separation was an important theory in Marx＇ s Paris manuscripts. Marx emphasized that the theory was an initial proof because it revealed that labor value was realized by the private own- ership. The more understood capitalism economy, the more we knew how to embody the historical mechanism of labor production. And how to define labor separation is an inevitable historical phenomenon. Furthermore, capitalist production revealed the duality of labor value but it was gifted from scientific explanation. Hence, the dialectical mechanism led to historical process of private property just as labor separation. So the capitalist society would be giving a proper scientific explanation from reality. Indeed, the logic theory followed this basic step of Marx writing works in Paris manuscripts; it was proved again for us to be all important part of the initial theory of labor value.