辽宁省苹果盛果期树调冠改形增效关键技术研究与应用

Key Technology Research and Application of Increasing Efficiency About Adjustable Crown Modification to Apple Trees in Full Fruit Period in Liaoning Province

以14年生‘红富士’苹果树为试材,均为大冠疏层形,选择树体相近,12个主枝左右,南北成行的‘红富士’苹果树,进行调冠改形试验,设三主枝‘定位’开心形、四主枝‘X’开心形2种处理,以大冠疏层形为对照(CK),同时进行"提干、降高、疏密、缩裙、减数、减量、垂帘、夏剪"技术研究,探讨苹果盛果期树调冠改形增效的关键技术。结果表明:苹果结果树由‘大冠疏层形’改成三主枝‘定位’开心形和四主枝‘X’开心形,同时采用"提干、降高、疏密、缩裙、减数、减量、垂帘、夏剪"8项增效的关键技术,解决了原来树体结构不合理,光照条件差,产量低,质量差等诸多问题;三主枝‘定位’开心形和四主枝‘X’开心形平均优质果率提高了35.7%,7年累计试验示范面积2.53万hm2,获纯增产值7.77亿元。

Taking 14-year-old‘Fuji＇apple trees as materials,with big canopy shape,select the tree was similar of 12 main branches in North South line,two treatments that were three main branches‘positioning＇open shape and four main branches‘X＇open shape,with big canopy shape as control（CK）.At the same time,the key technology about‘improve the trunk,reducing tree height,thinning dense branches,narrow skirt branch,reduce the number of branches,decrease in the number of total shoot bud,cultivation of curtain branch group,summer pruning＇were studied,in order to study the key technology of increasing efficiency about adjustable crown modification to apple tree.The results showed that put forward the new tree shape of high light efficiency from‘big canopy shape＇to three main branches‘positioning＇opening shape and four main branches‘X＇open shape on apple trees in full fruit period,and using eight key technical efficiency of‘improve the trunk,reducing tree height,thinning dense branches,narrow skirt branch,reduce the number of branches,decrease in the number of total shoot bud,cultivation of curtain branch group,summer pruning＇,solved many problems about unscientific structure,poor light conditions,low yield,poor quality of the original tree.High fruit quality rate increased by35.7%after using three main branches‘positioning＇open shape and four main branches‘X＇open shape,the cumulative experiment and demonstration area reached 25 300hm2,pure increasement value 7.77 billion RMB.