民事恶意诉讼的司法规制——以我国新《民事诉讼法》为中心的考察

Judicial Regulation on Malicious Civil Actions:Centering on New Civil Procedure Law

民事恶意诉讼具有诉权行使的表面特征,但却隐含着非正当的目的追求。由于诉权是公民权利救济和启动国家司法权的中介,民事恶意诉讼司法规制的正当性需要从公民诉权保障和限制之间的平衡中加以探寻。我国《民事诉讼法》确立了以诚信原则为基础,以串通型恶意诉讼规制为中心,以第三人撤销之诉为辅助的规制恶意诉讼的制度体系,但恶意诉讼的界定、类型化以及审查程序等重要问题仍旧存在不同程度的欠缺。针对现有制度之不足,民事恶意诉讼的司法规制尚需要从实体规则和程序规则两方面进一步进行完善。

Malicious civil actions imply the illegitimate pursuit although its surface characteristic is right. Because the litigation right is the mediation to start the national judicial power, judicial regulation on malicious civil actions need find a balance between security and restriction to the litigation right, civil procedure law has established institutional systems which include the principle of good faith, legal rules of malicious collusion civil action and revocation suit by the third party. But there are still some important problems such as the definition of malicious litigation, the lack of categorization and process. Aiming at the deficiencies, the judicial regulation on civil actions needs further reform in entity rules and procedural rules.