好太王时代高句丽地方统治制度研究

Research of Gaogouli Local Ruling System during Gwanggaeto-king Period

好太王时代是高句丽历史发展的转折时期,因此地方统治制度也具有承上启下的转折意义。其制度安排包括:在相对稳定的征服地区,基本上以一座中心城邑为镇城,派出"守事"加以统辖。至于城邑以外的广大地区,应该主要是当地的被征服土著民户,往往以"谷民"称之。只有新"略来韩秽"地区,由于百济时代的经营,而形成"城-村"体制。在旧辽东、玄菟、乐浪地区,修建山城,并沿用了部分汉魏旧城,基本形成重要军镇对附近平地城、小城的统辖格局。在旧五部核心区,曾一度试图恢复五部体制,但是,随着兴起于征服地区、军事对峙地区的"城-谷"制的发展,王权对城的直接支配日益成为主流;而五部之民被派往各地城邑戍守,则进一步加剧了部落民的离散。因此,五部体制走向衰落。当然,在城、谷的基层组织中,占主导地位的仍然是"千(小兄)-百(百头)-十"的半部落半行政的民户管理体制。

Since the age in which Gwanggaeto-king reigned was a turning period in Gaogouli history, his local ruling system had accordingly showed an abrupt turn in the history of the ruling system of Gaogouli. The local ruling system was like this： In those relatively stable conquered regions, there was a central city as a ruling center, whose governor was called ＂Shoushi＂. And the large-scale area surrounding the central city, there lived the aboriginal inhabitant named ＂Gumin＂. Only in the areas newly conquered from the hands of Hanhui, it formed ＂Cheng-cun＂ pattern due to the Baekje＇s ruling. In those areas conquered from the hands of the Central Plains Dynasty, such as Liaodong, Lelang and Xuantu, through building mountain cities and keeping some old cities built by Han and Wei Dynasty, it had basically shaped the pattern of governance that important military towns dominated the nearby plain cities and small cities. In the former core land of five tribes of Gwanggaeto, once tried to restore the joint management of the five tribes, but with the development of the ＂Cheng-gu＂ system in those con-quered or military confronting regions, the direct governance of the king to the cities had been gradu-ally becoming the dominating pattern. Meanwhile, the tribal organizations were destroyed along with the people of the five tribes being garrisoned to those newly conquered areas. Of course, the most im-portant in the basic ＂Cheng-gu＂ organization, still was the residence management system of ＂Qian（Xi-aoxiong）-Bai（Baitou）-Shi＂, which was semi-tribe and semi-administrative.