行动控制导向:行动导向和状态导向

Action Orientation Versus State Orientation

Kuhl(1984)基于德国传统意志心理学,提出了行动控制理论。该理论认为个体在行动控制上会发展成两种不同导向——行动/状态导向。在要求情境和威胁情境中,两种行动控制导向在认知、情感及行为表现上都存在差异,继而影响个体行动意向到行动的转化效用。文章重点介绍两种行动控制导向的内涵、测量及诱导方法,同时总结行动控制导向个体差异的相关研究,最后指出未来研究应重视对行动控制导向的测量、影响因素、文化差异及其在特殊岗位的选拔应用。

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce a new perspective in will psychology：Action Control Theory （ACT） （Kuhl, 1984）. ACT is based on the German ＂will psychology＂. This Theory distinguished two kinds of orientations：Action orientation and state orientation, which differed in cognition, affect, behavior and the utility of transition from intention to action. This paper reviewed previous literatures from four aspects ： traits of action orientation and state orientation, the measurement and priming for Action orientation, the different consequences especially under demanding or threatening conditions. The issues deserving further research were also highlighted, such as developing other measuring tools for Action orientation, influencing factors, cultural differences and its application in special job positions selection.