新中国成立初期与当前高校招生制度的比较

A Comparison between P.R.China's Early College Entrance Examinations and the Current Ones

高校招生制度的确立经历了单独招生、联合招生、统一招生三个阶段。新中国成立初期与当前高校招生制度具有相同点:符合经济社会发展需要、中央统一领导与地方组织实施相结合、注重教育资源分配公正性。二者又相互区别:时代背景迥异、招生计划分配方式不同、考试科目与内容差异明显。比较两个时期高校招生制度,对当前的考试招生改革具有以下启示:加强国家层面的顶层设计、改进高校招生计划分配方式、完善和规范高校自主招生、探索多元评价与录取机制。

The establishment of the system of college admissions in the early period of the People＇s Republic of China experienced three phases： a separate enrollment, joint recruits, unified admissions. These laid a basic framework for the college enrollment in the first years the PRC. The common grounds between the college recruit systems in that period and the current are to meet the need of the economic and social development needs, to combine the unified leadership of the central and local organizations and implement, to emphasize the fairness of the allocation in education resource. Meanwhile, there are three differences between them： background differences, different ways of the admission plan and distribution among regions, differences in subjects and contents. Comparing the college enrollment system of the two periods, we can get such enlightenments as to strengthen the top-level design at the national level, to improve the allocation of college enrollment plan, to improve and standardize the independent admissions in colleges, to explore diverse assessment and acceptance mechanism.